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Volume 65 (1999)
- Issue 6 Pages 571-
- Issue 5 Pages 501-
- Issue 4 Pages 429-
- Issue 3 Pages 233-
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 65, Issue 3
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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A Brief Science-historic SketchTsuyoshi TAKAHASHI1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 233-235
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Iwao FURUSAWA1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 236-238
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Koushi NISHIYAMA1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 239-241
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Shigemitsu TORIYAMA1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 242-244
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Kazuhiro NAKAHO1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 245
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Masashi SUZUKI1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 246
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Kazuhiro TOYODA1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 247
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Hiromasa SAITOH, Masayuki FUJIWARA, Satoshi T. OHKI, Takeshi OSAKI1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 248-253
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSystemic infection of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Cucumis figarei at high temperature was investigated using reassortants and chimeric RNAs. Three CMV strains of pepo-, SO-, MY17- and Y-CMV were used: pepo-, SO- and MY17-CMV systemically infected C. figarei at 36°C, whereas Y-CMV did not as previously described. Inoculation with in vitro transcripts from biologically active cDNA clones of Y-CMV and pepo-CMV RNAs 1, 2 and 3 indicated that only the inocula containing pepo-CMV RNA 3 induced systemic infection at 36°C, suggesting that the resistance against systemic infection by Y-CMV and its breakage by pepo-CMV were mapped to CMV RNA 3. Inoculation with transcripts from the cDNA clones of Y-CMV RNAs 1, 2 and RNA 3 of SO-CMV or MY17-CMV provoked systemic infection at high temperature, indicating that the systemic infection by SO-CMV or MY17-CMV was also mapped to RNA 3. Analysis with chimeras constructed between cDNA clones of Y-CMV and pepo-CMV RNA 3 showed that the resistance and resistance breakage were mapped to the coat protein gene on CMV RNA 3. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of pepo-, SO- and MY17-CMV RNA 3 with that of Y-CMV RNA 3 revealed that the coat protein of Y-CMV differs from those of pepo-, SO- and MY17-CMV in four amino acids at positions 17 (Leu to Pro), 25 (Ser to Pro), 28 (Ser to Ala) and 129 (Ser to Pro). These results suggested that all or some of the four amino acids play an important role in determining long-distance movement of CMV in C. figarei at a high temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (3332K) -
Parimal MAJUMDER, Kenichiro TAKAGI, Hidenari SHIOIRI, Masayuki NOZUE, ...1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 254-263
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mutant (M3 strain) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was isolated by transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis. The M3 strain was avirulent on all host plants tested, Daucus carota, Solanum tuberosum and Kalanchoe pinnata. The avirulent phenotype of M3 strain was due to an insertion of Tn5 into the chvA chromosomal virulence gene. Using this M3 strain (chvA:: Tn5) and two other strains, B119 strain (acvB: Tn5) and A208 strain (parent, virulent), the functions of the chvA and acvB chromosomal virulence genes of A. tumefaciens were analyzed. When M3, B119 and A208 strains were co-cultured with tobacco BY2 suspension-culture cells in the presence and absence of acetosyringone (As), efficient T-DNA transfer from an Agrobacterium cell to the nucleus of a tobacco cell occurred only with A208 strain in the presence of As. However, the T-strand (an intermediate form of T-DNA for transfer) was produced normally in all three strains in the presence of As. Analyses with tricine-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy demonstrated that pili, which are assumed to mediate T-DNA transfer into the host cell, were not produced on the cell surface of the M3 strain in either media with or without As. On the other hand, perfect pili were produced on the cell surface of the A208 strain in the presence of As. On the cell surface of the B119 strain, “imperfect” pili which were thinner than those on the A208 strain were produced in the presence of As. Taken together, these results indicate that chvA and acvB likely play roles in virulence by influencing formation of the pili through which the T-strands are thought to be transfer into host cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (9740K) -
Satoko KANEMATSU, Takao KOBAYASHI, Akira KUDO, Yoshihiro OHTSU1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 264-273
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo classify Phomopsis isolates from fruit trees, we examined their conidial morphology, pathogenicity and culture characteristics. Two types of colony, designated W and G, were recognized among Phomopsis isolates from peach, Japanese pear and apple. These types of isolates were not correlated with their original hosts. The lengths of alpha conidia were similar in both W and G type isolates. Both alpha and beta conidia were produced by all isolates of W-type, whereas only alpha conidia were observed in isolates of G-type when cultured on potato dextrose agar at 25°C. In cross-inoculation tests using cut twigs, isolates of both types were pathogenic on other hosts as well as on the original host. In the field inoculation tests, G-type isolates were generally more virulent in twigs or branches of peach, Japanese pear and apple than were W-type isolates. These results suggest that the Phomopsis isolates from peach, Japanese pear and apple are grouped into two specific or infraspecific taxa.View full abstractDownload PDF (5470K) -
Shigenobu YOSHIDA, Akira SHIRATA1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 274-280
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSColletotrichum acutatum, a causal fungus of mulberry anthracnose, has been observed on the leaves of a particular mulberry tree in Tsukuba. To elucidate its life cycle on the tree, the fungus was isolated throughout the year from various asymptomatic organs; leaves, bark, xylem and winter buds were periodically collected from November 1995 to January 1997. The fungus was detected from the bark and bud scales in winter, but not from the xylem or the inside of winter buds. When leaves were still attached to the shoots, the fungus was also isolated from blades and petioles of asymptomatic leaves, as well as diseased leaves and the bark. Based on the difference in isolation frequency from epidermis-scraped bark and intact bark, the fungus was considered to survive on the bark either superficially or slightly internally. These results indicate that the fungus overwinters on the tree and can repeat the infection cycle year after year, suggesting a strong association of the fungus with this particular tree. C. acutatum survived better on detached shoots in winter than two other mulberry anthracnose fungi, C. dematium and Glomerella cingulata.View full abstractDownload PDF (3108K) -
Haruhisa SUGA, Ichiro UYEDA, Ikuo KIMURA1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 281-285
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rice ragged stunt virus genome contains 10 dsRNA segments. In segment 10 (S10), a minicistron (nt 20-55) precedes the major ORF (nt 142-1032). The initiation codon of the minicistron was recognized by in vitro translation of wheat germ extracts, while the product of the major downstream ORF was not detected. In order to investigate the expression of the major ORF in vivo, Pns10 was expressed in bacteria and antiserum was produced for immunodetection. Although the detected protein migrated slightly slower on SDS-PAGE than that expressed by bacteria, the major S10 ORF was expressed as a 34kDa protein in both diseased rice plants and viruliferous vector insects.View full abstractDownload PDF (4703K) -
Wang-Ching HO, Wen-Hsiung KO1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 286-292
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForty four isolates of Phytophthora infestans recovered from diseased potato leaves at the Volcano district on the island of Hawaii from 1986 to 1987 were all A1 mating type and sensitive to metalaxyl. However, all of the 23 isolates obtained from diseased tomato and potato leaves from the same area from 1994 to 1995 were all of the A2 mating type and resistant to metalaxyl. The recent isolates displayed considerable variation in growth rate and ability to produce sporangia. Substantial variation in growth rate, ability to produce sporangia and response to metalaxyl was also observed among zoospore progeny of a recent isolate tested. The possible mechanisms for the recent appearance of A2 mating type and diversity in growth rate, sporangial production and response to metalaxyl among the new population on the island of Hawaii are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1254K) -
Takahito NODA, Pham Van DU, Lai Van E, Hoang Dinh DINH, Hisatoshi KAKU1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 293-296
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Shoji SONODA, Masamichi NISHIGUCHI1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 297-300
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Hiroshi SATOH, Nobuyuki YOSHIKAWA, Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 301-304
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Ling XU, Shin-ichi KUSAKARI, Akihiro HOSOMI, Hideyoshi TOYODA, Seiji O ...1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 305-311
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral species of fungi, belonging to the genera Botrytis, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Pestalotiopsis, Fusarium, Penicillium, Stemphylium, Rhizopus and Aspergillus, were isolated from rotten grape berries harvested from fields and markets in different localities. Inoculation of fresh grape berries with these isolates indicated that all the isolates were pathogenic to injured grape berries. All, except for Cladosporium, Fusarium and Aspergillus spp., were capable of rotting uninjured fruits. Two species of Pestalotiopsis, frequently isolated from decayed fruits of different cultivars, were characterized morphologically and identified to be P. menezesiana and P. uvicola. Upon inoculation, these two species caused the fruit rot observed in fields and markets. They were isolated not only from diseased and healthy looking fruits, but also from the air in grape orchards. The results suggest that latent infection or conidial attachment to the berries in fields could initiate postharvest disease of grape. This is the first description of Pestalotiopsis spp. as the causal agent of a postharvest disease of grape.View full abstractDownload PDF (3227K) -
Hiroshi HASEGAWA, Jun MIYAZAWA, Michiaki IWATA1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 312-314
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe produced a polyclonal antibody which reacts with antigens of mycelia of the rice blast fungus. Using this antibody, we developed an ELISA method which can measure small amounts of mycelia of Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr in a rice leaf. More than 0.1μg mycelia of the rice blast fungus in 100mg of fresh leaf can be measured by this method. The antibody, acquired using lyophilized mycelia of the fungus, reacts as well with fresh mycelia, conidia, and even those of different races as it does with lyophilized ones. But it does not react with mycelia of several fungal pathogens of the rice plant. Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk, Rhizoctonia sp., Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Ito et Kuribayashi) Drechsler ex Dastur, Sphaerulina oryzina Hara and Nigrospora oryzae (Berkeley et Broome) Petch do not react with the antibody at 20μg dry weight mycelia/ml of PBS (pH 7.5) containing 0.05% Tween 80. But at about 2mg/ml, the antibody slightly reacts with mycelia of Sphaerulina oryzina and Nigrospora oryzae. This method should be useful in understanding the interaction between blast fungus and rice plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
Kei ARAI, Yoshikazu SAKAKI, Yasunari FUKUNAGA, Yayoi KURODA, Naotaka M ...1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 315-317
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter using Ralstonia solanacearum to inoculate roots of S. toxicarium rootstocks (resistant to bacterial wilt and some diseases caused by fungi and nematodes) which had tomato scions, the bacteria were detected at 2 and 4 days after root inoculation in one of three aboveground stems of the rootstock. The bacteria were detected 2 to 3cm from the inoculation site 90 days after needle-puncture inoculation of the (rooststock) stem. Neither the rootstock nor the scion wilted. Both S. toxicarium and grafted plants were resistant to bacterial wilt. R. solanacearum can move within root and stem tissue of S. toxicarium, but could not move from rootstock stem (S. toxicarium) into scion (tomato) of grafted plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (2945K) -
Takao TSUKIBOSHI, Tadayuki SHIMANUKI, Hironori KOGA1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 318-320
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new pathogen of sorghum ergot in Japan was found in Kyushu District in 1991 and in Tochigi Prefecture in 1996. Transparent to pinkish honeydew was produced in sorghum florets. Later, the surface of the honeydew was covered with a white mass of secondary conidia and the whole infected head looked white and powdery. Ergot sclerotia were blackish gray and not very distinct because they were produced between the glumes of infected florets. The pathogen was identified as Sphacelia sorghi McRae based on the morphology of its anamorph.View full abstractDownload PDF (2831K) -
1999 Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 321-416
Published: June 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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