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Volume 77 (2011)
- Issue 4 Pages 265-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 83-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 77, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Originals
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K. OKAYAMA, Y. HIRAYAMA2011 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 83-87
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the development of strawberry anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata in infested soil, we compared three inoculation methods using a conidial suspension (root dip, soil drench, and foliar spray) for differences in subsequent appearance and severity of symptoms on potted strawberry plants. Root dips and soil drenches caused sudden wilting and death with reddish brown at the base of petioles, but without typical black lesions on leaflets and petioles. These plants developed very few new roots, with areas becoming tinged with brown and black. Disease was most severe on dip-inoculated plants, followed by foliar spraying; drenching caused fewer and delayed symptoms. The fungus was frequently isolated from leaflets and petioles on plants inoculated by spraying. On root-dip-inoculated plants, the fungus was also more frequently isolated from leaflets, petioles, crowns and roots. Thus, the fungus can invade roots and crowns, as well as aerial parts. Actually, G. cingulata was isolated at a high rate from potting medium such as sawdust and peat adjacent to diseased plants that were maintained with overhead irrigation. Nursery plants transplanted into this infested media wilted; the fungus in the medium apparently served as the inoculum source. Drenching with 0.1% (w/v) solution of diethofencarb· thiophanate-methyl WP, a fungicide for anthracnose, controlled the soil infestation caused by dispersal of conidia from diseased plants.
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K. YANO, Y. KAWADA, M. HORITA, Y. HIKICHI, K. TSUCHIYA2011 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 88-95
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between two phylogenetic types (I and II), differentiated by rep-PCR fingerprint analysis, of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from Zingiberaceae plants, and the host ranges of the two types were analyzed. All type I isolates were highly virulent on ginger [Zingiber officinale (Willd.) Rosc.], mioga [Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Rosc.] and curcuma (Curcuma alismatifolia Hort.); weakly virulent on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.); and avirulent to Musa velutina. On the other hand, type II isolates were highly virulent on ginger, mioga, tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper and Musa velutina and weakly virulent on curcuma. The virulence of type II isolates on mioga decreased when the plants were inoculated using a soil drench after root-injuring or when they were cultivated at low temperature after stab inoculation. The phylogenetic types of the isolates from Zingiberaceae plants in 1995-2009 were determined by the PCR method using previously reported primer sets. All isolates from mioga and curcuma belonged to type I, and the ginger isolates belonged to type I or type II. These results demonstrate a relationship between the phylogenetic types of the isolates from Zingiberaceae plants and the host range of the types, suggesting that we can use pathogenicity tests on Zingiberaceae and Solanaceae plants to discriminate phylogenetic types of R. solanacearum isolates from Zingiberaceae plants.
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T. MIYOSHI, S. SHIMIZU, T. SHINOZAKI, H. SAWADA2011 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 96-104
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA real-time PCR assay (qPCR) based on TaqMan chemistry was developed to detect and quantify Ceratocystis fimbriata, causal agent of fig ceratocystis canker, in fig plants. Specific primers and probe were designed based on the sequences of ITS region of its rDNA. The assay was positive for 18 C. fimbriata strains isolated from fig ceratocystis canker in Japan and negative for C. fimbriata strains isolated from sweet potato black rot and other soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi tested. A standard curve was constructed by means of a previously reported recovery test: a series of 50 mg branch tissue of fig was spiked with 10-fold, serial dilutions of the pathogen’s ascospores, and each dilution was subjected to DNA extraction and qPCR. A strong linear relationship was measured between the threshold cycle value and the spore (cell) density from 101 to 107 cells per 50 mg fresh tissue. The detection limit was nearly 100 cells per 50 mg fresh tissue. When this assay was used to evaluate the density of C. fimbriata cells in tissues of both artificially and naturally infected fig plants, symptomless regions were found to contain less than 103 cells of the pathogen per 50 mg fresh tissue.
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Short Communication
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Y. SHIMOMOTO, Y. MORITA, S. TAKEUCHI, Y. HIKICHI, A. KIBA, T. SATO2011 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 105-108
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pathogen of black blight of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was previously described as Corynespora melongenae Takimoto in Japan, but there was no Latin description of the fungus. We collected the fungus again in Shimane and Kochi prefectures, the western regions of Japan and reidentified them as C. cassiicola based on the morphological characteristics and sequences of rDNA-ITS regions after confirming their pathogenicity on eggplant. We propose to replace C. melongenae Takimoto nom. inval. with C. cassiicola as the pathogen of black blight in eggplant in Japan.
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