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Volume 61, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Fumihiro TERAMI, Yohachiro HONDA, Fumiyoshi FUKUMOTO1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA potyvirus, for which the provisional name of Amazon lily mosaic virus (ALMV) is proposed, was isolated from an Amazon lily plant (Eucharis grandiflora) with mosaic disease. ALMV which was mechanically transmitted to E. grandiflora induced mosaic symptoms on leaves and flower stalks and tiny etched flecks along the veins of flower petals. Necrotic lesions appeared on inoculated leaves of Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor, but no systemic infection occurred. ALMV systemically infected Nicotiana benthamiana and induced mosaic symptoms. Other 38 plant species in 12 families tested were not infected with ALMV. ALMV was transmitted non-persistently by aphid (Myzus persicae). The particle length was about 760nm. Pinwheel inclusions were observed in the cytoplasm of the mesophyll cells of infected E. grandiflora plants. The virus was purified from inoculated leaves of C. quinoa by sedimentation with polyethylene glycol 6000 and isopycnic centrifugation in Cs2SO4. The purified virus showed an ultraviolet absorption profile typical of a nucleoprotein with a maximum at 260nm and a minimum at 246nm. The A260/A280 ratio was 1.32. The virus particles contained a single species of single stranded RNA of Mr 3.32×106, and single polypeptide of Mr 35, 000. ALMV was serologically distantly related to Alstroemeria mosaic virus, Hippeastrum mosaic virus, Hyacinth mosaic virus, onion yellow dwarf virus, Ornithogalum mosaic virus, potato virus Y, watermelon mosaic virus 2 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus.View full abstractDownload PDF (3957K) -
Hirofumi YOSHIOKA, Yukie HAYAKAWA, Noriyuki DOKE1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe transient accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) transcript was markedly induced in aged potato tuber slices 1 to 2hr after inoculation with an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans, whereas the transcript in compatible interaction accumulated to lesser extent. A dramatic increase of PAL transcript accumulation occurred within 30min after treatment with hyphal wall components (HWC) of the pathogen, but the HWC-elicitor-stimulated increase was greatly suppressed by treatment with a suppressor from the compatible race. In contrast, treatment with HWC-elicitor in the presence of the suppressor from the incompatible race caused an acceleration of the accumulation of PAL mRNA compared with that with HWC-elicitor alone. These results for PAL transcript paralleled those based on the changes in PAL enzyme activity. Elicitation and suppression of induction of PAL transcript accumulation and PAL activity were discussed in relation to the race-cultivar specificity in potato late blight.View full abstractDownload PDF (2351K) -
Kimio NASU, Hirofumi YOSHIOKA, Yuki ICHINOSE, Tetsuji YAMADA, Hachiro ...1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 13-17
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHealthy pea plants contain a factor, as called an endogenous suppressor, which suppresses the accumulation of pisatin induced by the elicitor from a pea pathogen, Mycosphaerella pinodes. The effects of the endogenous suppressor on the activation of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) such as chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase were examined. The fungal elicitor induced the activations of these enzymes in pea, kidney bean and soybean, however, the concomitant presence of the endogenous suppressor with the fungal elicitor resulted in suppression of activations of these enzymes in only pea but not in kidney bean or soybean. In contrast, the endogenous suppressor alone rather activated these enzymes in kidney bean and soybean to which M. pinodes is nonpathogenic. Thus, the action of endogenous suppressor on the activation of PR-proteins is species-specific as well as that on the production of phytoalexins. Together with our previous report, these findings show that the pea endogenous suppressor may have a potential to block the general resistance of its producer and that it is quite similar to the exogenous suppressor from M. pinodes with respect to the biological activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (955K) -
Seiji KANEMATSU, Shigeo NAITO1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 18-21
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report describes Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-2-3, a newly recognized pathogen of foliar blight of soybean. This group was separated from other subgroups of AG-2 analyzing the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA repetitive units. The ITS regions of 35 isolates of AG-2, containing 17 isolates of AG-2-3, were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by digestion with 4 restriction enzymes (EcoRI, HaeIII, MspI and TagI). Clear restriction fragment length polymorphisms were found among AG-2 subgroups. The polymorphisms suggest that the group AG-2-3 is a genetically distinct subgroup of AG-2.View full abstractDownload PDF (1270K) -
Akifumi MIZUNO, Seiya TSUSHIMA, Ikuo KADOTA, Koushi NISHIYAMA1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 22-26
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix Eco RI digested-DNA fragments, 17.6-kb, 8.3-kb, 7.3-kb, 10.5-kb, 5.0-kb, and 8.7-kb, were selected from genomic DNA of Pseudomonas gladioli pv. gladioli MAFF 302545 to obtain specific probes of this bacterium. The 8.3-kb fragment hybridized to 56 of the 61 strains of P. gladioli but did not hybridize to 46 strains of P. caryophylli, P. cepacia, P. glumae, P. plantarii and P. solanacearum with dot blot hybridization. This fragment hybridized to genomic DNA from the 56 strains of P. gladioli producing a single band of 8.3-kb with Southern blot hybridization. This implies that these P. gladioli strains contain an 8.3-kb DNA fragment of EcoRI termini, which is common to these strains. These results indicate that the 8.3-kb DNA fragment is useful as a probe for detection and rapid identification of P. gladioli.View full abstractDownload PDF (1572K) -
Kentaro TANABE, Pyoyun PARK, Takashi TSUGE, Keisuke KOHMOTO, Syoyo NIS ...1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler is known to produce a dark gray pigment, melanin, from acetate via 1, 8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN). We isolated three phenotypic classes of color mutants from A. alternata Japanese pear pathotype by treatment of the spores with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. These mutants, AKT88-1 (Alm-), AKT88-2 (Brm1-) and AKT88-3 (Brm2-), formed albino, light-brown and brown mycelia, respectively, on potato-dextrose agar plates, whereas the parent strain formed black mycelia. A mutant AKT88-2 accumulated scytalone in culture medium, a key intermediate of the direct pathway of DHN melanin, and mutant AKT88-3 accumulated 2-hydroxyjuglone (2-HJ), a characteristic shunt product from 1, 3, 8-trihydroxynaphthalene (1, 3, 8-THN). Mutant AKT88-1 did not accumulate scytalone, 2-HJ, or flaviolin, a shunt product from 1, 3, 6, 8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (1, 3, 6, 8-THN). Mutant AKT88-1 was melanized when it was grown on medium supplemented with scytalone, but not AKT88-2 and AKT88-3. These results suggest that mutant AKT88-1 is deficient in the synthesis of 1, 3, 6, 8-THN from acetate, while mutants AKT88-2 and AKT88-3 are deficient in the steps from scytalone to 1, 3, 8-THN and from 1, 3, 8-THN to vermelone, respectively. All the melanin-deficient mutants and the parent strain developed approximately same numbers of lesions with similar size on susceptible pear leaves in laboratory tests. Tricyclazole, a known inhibitor of the biosynthesis of DHN melanin, inhibited pigmentation of cultured mycelia of the parent strain, but not the ability of the spores to penetrate artificial membranes or their ability to infect host leaves. These results indicate that the ability to produce melanin may not be relevant to the pathogenicity of A. alternata Japanese pear pathotype.View full abstractDownload PDF (2076K) -
Tetsuo MAOKA, Shinji KAWANO, Tomio USUGI1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 34-37
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Xue-You HE, Masao GOTO1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 38-40
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Gilda J. MIRANDA, M.L.M. YAMBAO, Pepito Q. CABAUATAN, S. Raja VENKITES ...1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 41-43
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Ikuko OKABE, Shigemitsu TORIYAMA1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 44-48
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Takao KOBAYASHI, Isuke TOKASHIKI1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 49-52
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Shigeo NAKAMURA, Ryoso HONKURA, Masashi UGAKI, Masahiro OHSHIMA, Yuko ...1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 53-55
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Akira MORITA1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 57-62
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bacterial blossom blight of kiwifruit has been found widely in main kiwifruit growing areas of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The disease occurred from the end of April to the middle of May in every year. Field observation from 1983 to 1989 revealed that the disease became very severe in alternate years. It was found by t-test analysis that there was a significant relation between the incidence of the disease and the precipitation at the leaf falling stage and the sprouting stage of kiwifruit. All severely infected flower buds either dropped off or produced malformed fruits without any healthy fruit production. Only 7% of moderately infected flower boils and 11% of slightly infected flower buds turned to healthy fruits. In kiwifruit growing fields, where flower infection rate was more than 46%, the average fruit production was less than 2.5 tons per 10 are.View full abstractDownload PDF (1722K) -
Part 3. Distribution of Several Sclerotial Fungi Causing Sclerotiosis in RiceYoshiyuki KADOWAKI, Jun ISOTA, Toshihide TSUKAMOTO1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 63-68
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal changes of lesions and mycelium distribution of sclerotial fungi on rice plants were investigated to clarify disease development during the growing season. In the tillering stage, several sclerotial fungi, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, R. oryzae, Sclerotium oryzae-sativae, S. fumigatum and S. hydrophilum were isolated from roots, non-elongation internodes and leaf sheaths of rice plants, and the isolation rate in lower leaf sheaths was higher than that in upper ones. At the mature stage, lesions formed by sclerotial fungi were distributed in upper leaf sheaths, and mycelia of each fungus were detected continuously from dead lower leaf sheaths to lesion-forming upper ones, regardless of lesion formation. These results suggested that sclerotial fungi penetrated into lower leaf sheaths at an early stage, and then infected upper leaf sheaths after the heading stage, forming typical lesions.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Akifumi MIZUNO, Yuzou NOZU, Ikuo KADOTA, Koushi NISHIYAMA1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 69-74
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Collins and Jones 1984, protein complexes of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens NCPPB 390 strain, extracted by method (P-1) of De Boer and Wieczorek, and method (P-2) of Yakrus and Schaad were used as immunogen in mouse. Seven hybridoma lines (1P1, 2P1, 3P1, 4P1, 5P1, 6P1, and 7P1) were established with the P-1 antigen and four ones (1P2, 2P2, 3P2, and 4P2) with the P-2. Three MAbs from P-2-hybridoma lines (2P2, 3P2, and 4P2) showed high specificity against whole cells of C. flaccumfaciens in an indirect ELISA (ABC-AP-ELISA). The isotype of three MAbs was IgG3. All the MAbs from P-1-hybridoma line and 1 MAb from P-2-ones, which were classified as IgM, reacted with many strains of 4 genera of Gram positive bacteria used in this study on ABC-AP-ELISA. The epitopes included in the P-1 and P-2 were analyzed with purified MAb 1P1 and MAb 3P2. When digested with glucoamylase, antigenicity against these MAbs was retained. Further digestion with proteinase K or tripsin destroyed the antigenicity. On western immunoblot of P-1 and P-2, MAb 1P1 recognized two bands of molecular weight 25k and 59k, and MAb 3P2 recognized two bands of molecular weight less than 14.4k and 59k. Those epitopes are probably proteins because of their susceptibility to proteinase K and tripsin. The antibodies recognized epitopes present on a same protein or different proteins having a very similar molecular weight at 59k. They also recognized smaller one clearly different between two antibodies. Purified MAb 3P2 can be used for highly specific detection of C. flaccumfaciens, and all the MAb may be used for the analysis of epitopes in whole cells of some Gram positive bacteria related to C. flaccumfaciens.View full abstractDownload PDF (935K) -
Shigenobu YOSHIDA, Akira SHIRATA, Shigemi YOSHIDA, Takao KOBAYASHI1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 75-81
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmong 68 isolates originating from diseased mulberry leaves which were collected from 15 prefectures of Japan, 56 were anthracnose fungi belonging to the genus Colletotrichum. They were divided into 3 groups based on the shape and size of their conidia. The first with falcate conidia consists of 35 isolates and was identified as C. dematium. The second includes ll isolates and was characterized by cylindric conidia. Among them 8 produced mature perithecia on PDA. The second group was identified as Glomerella cingulata=C. gloeosporioides. The remaining 10 isolates produced fusiform conidia and were identified as C. acutatum. One of 2 anthracnose fungi hitherto described on Morus, C. morifolium Hara was proposed to be a synonym for C. dematium (Persoon: Fries) Grove due to the morphological characteristics of the conidia. However, C. morina which is distinct from the above 3 anthracnose fungi was not isolated. In the first inoculation series using mycelial colony of every isolates, the C. dematium group and C. acutatum group showed strong pathogenicity on the intact and punctured mulberry leaves. However, in the second series using conidia of selected isolates of 3 fungi, C. dematium and G. cingulata produced big lesions, and C. acutatum showed very weak pathogenicity. In the field, C. dematium forms typical lesions on mulberry leaves, but no clear lesions caused by G. cingulata and C. acutatum have been observed. From these, it is concluded that the fungi other than C. dematium seem to be minor and development of their lesions depends on the condition of the host.View full abstractDownload PDF (1830K) -
Yutaka ARIMOTO, Yasuo HOMMA1995 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 82-87
Published: February 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeaves cut from cucumber seedlings (0.7 leaf-stage) grown in the greenhouse, at 2:00PM on a fine day (Feb. 1987), contained fructose (3.38mM), glucose (3.25mM) and sucrose (10.19mM). When these seedlings were placed in a dark room for 24hr, no carbohydrates were detected (carbohydrate free) in their leaves. Leaves of carbohydrate free cucumber seedlings, which were soaked in 2% sucrose solution for a subsequent 24hr in the dark, contained 1.6mM sucrose. Sucrose (4.5mM), fructose (17.6mM) and glucose (15.0mM) were detected in them 48hr after soaking. For cucumber leaves placed in the greenhouse, Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Pollacci elongate hyphae 1592.9μm in length (48hr), formed 64.8 haustoria (96hr), and 74.3 conidiophores per mm2 (7 days) after inoculation, respectively. For leaves of carbohydrate free cucumber, S. fuliginea elongated the hyphae to 71.4μm in length, and formed the first haustorium under the germ tube 24hr after inoculation. However, further development of the fungus was arrested completely. On the other hand, the fungus developed further on the carbohydrate free cucumber leaves, which were soaked in 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 sucrose solutions in the dark, and formed 12.8, 21.6, 72.6 and 82.8 conidiophores per mm2 7 days after inoculation, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (986K)
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