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Volume 63 (1997)
- Issue 6 Pages 417-
- Issue 5 Pages 361-
- Issue 4 Pages 289-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 63, Issue 6
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Naruto FURUYA, Shuichi YAMASAKI, Masanori NISHIOKA, Ikuo SHIRAISHI, Ka ...1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 417-424
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNumerous strains of pseudomonads formed growth inhibition zones around their colonies which had been placed on lawns of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi used as indicators. The antimicrobial activity spectra against the indicator bacteria and fungi varied greatly with the species and strain of the pseudomonads, suggesting that various antimicrobial substances participated in the antagonism. Strain ATCC7700 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly antagonistic in vitro to various plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, especially to Ralstonia solanacearum. Treating of tomato roots with P. aeruginosa at the time of transplanting in R. solanacearum-infested soil increased the percentage of seedling survival. Soaking the root systems of tomato seedlings in a bacterial suspension of ca. 1010 cfu/ml resulted in the highest suppressiveness. Pretreating tomato roots with killed cells of P. aeruginosa also gave protection, suggesting that mechanisms other than antibiotic production, such as induced resistance and infection sites competition were involved in suppression of the disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (608K) -
Satoko KANEMATSU, Tateki HAYASHI, Akira KUDO1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 425-431
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytochalasin E (CE) is known to be a secondary metabolite secreted in vitro by Rosellinia necatrix, the cause of white root rot, and is toxic to plants. In this study, CE was detected in Japanese pear and apple roots infected with R. necatrix using a new HPLC method. In order to elucidate the relationship between the productivity of CE and disease progress, CE deficient mutants of R. necatrix were obtained by UV irradiation. Two CE-less producing mutants were isolated by a simple TLC detection method. The pathogenicity of these mutant strains was the same as the parent (wild-type) strain. Although, these mutant strains produced CE only about 4-7% level of the parent strain in vitro, and less than 5% level in planta. The meaning of CE for disease progress of white root rot was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2883K) -
Hidetaka TERAUCHI, Hiroshi MAGOME, Nobuyuki YOSHIKAWA, Tsuyoshi TAKAHA ...1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 432-436
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of apple stem grooving capillovirus (ASGV) isolate Li-23 from lily was determined. The isolate Li-23 genome consists of 6496 nucleotides excluding poly(A) tail and contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs 1 and 2). ORF1 encodes a protein with a Mr 241, 768 (242K) and ORF2, in a different frame within ORF1, encodes a Mr 36, 179 (36K) protein. The number of nucleotides and the arrangement of ORFs of the isolate Li-23 genome are in perfect agreement with those of isolate P-209 from apple and isolate L from lily. Identities of the nucleotide sequences were 98.4% (Li-23/L) and 83.0% (Li-23/P-209) in whole genomes excluding poly(A) tail. A full-length cDNA clone (pCT35SF) of the isolate Li-23 genome was cloned into a plasmid vector containing cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter which was designed to transcribe the isolate Li-23 genome from its first nucleotide. Mechanical inoculation of pCT35SF onto Chenopodium quinoa induced symptoms typical of isolate Li-23 infection. Virus particles, viral RNA and coat protein could be detected in pCT35SF-inoculated plants, demonstrating that pCT35SF is infectious.View full abstractDownload PDF (2262K) -
Koji MURAKAMI, Ken KANZAKI, Kenzo OKADA, Satoshi MATSUMOTO, Hiroshi OY ...1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 437-444
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteria which show antifungal activity were isolated from roots of turfgrass and associated soil. Among the bacteria, a fluorescent pseudomonad (strain HP72) which was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens showed strong antifungal activity and was selected as a candidate for biological control of golf course turfgrass pathogens. Enumeration methods, established to monitor the bacteria in soil, were based on the detection of a DNA fragment (ca. 800 base pairs) which was very specific to strain HP72. The methods called FIA-PCR and MPN-PCR gave very good results in a model inoculation test and were applied to laboratory sod and field survival experiments. Because a background of indigenous bacteria having the same DNA fragment as strain HP72 was not detected in soils used for these experiments, strain HP72 was easily enumerated. When soil temperature was lower than 35°C, the bacteria survived for at least 20 days (ca. 105 cfu per gram soil and roots). However, if soil temperature rose higher than 43°C for 2hr per day, the bacteria died completely within 7 days. The ratio of strain HP72 to the total fluorescent pseudomonads on turfgrass roots increased up to 5 days after inoculation and was higher than 80% of total fluorescent pseudomonads for at least 20 days. In each greenhouse experiment, creeping bentgrass developed significantly less disease when inoculated with HP72 before inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani than when inoculated with the pathogen alone. The level of control provided by HP72 was as good as that by a widely used isoprothiolane-flutolanil fungicide.View full abstractDownload PDF (2411K) -
A Possible Role of RibonucleaseHiroshi OHNO, Shuu HASE, Yoshio EHARA1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 445-449
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe infectivity of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and CMV RNA on cowpea and tobacco leaves after mechanical inoculation was lower when the inoculum was suspended in buffers at pH 6.0 as opposed to pHs 7.0 or 8.0, with or without EDTA. When leaves of both plants were inoculated with CMV suspended in water and immediately treated with buffers at the above pHs, infectivity did not vary among the treatments, suggesting that pH did not affect cell susceptibility, but did affect the inoculum. Before inoculation, no detectable structural changes in the CMV particles were observed at this pH range. Thus the effect on the inoculum of exuded substances such as degradative enzymes in epidermal cell sap after inoculation was examined on tobacco leaves. The effect of pH on this interaction, as well as the behavior of ribonuclease (RNase) in the epidermal sap correlated well with the infectivities of CMV and CMV RNA. CMV RNA was degraded more by the epidermal RNase at pH 6.0 than at pHs 7.0 or 8.0. The RNase also bound more easily with CMV virions at pH 6.0 than at pH 8.0 without attacking the inner RNA, thereby maintaining their activity; when virions treated with epidermal sap at pH 6.0 were dissociated into the coat protein (CP) and RNA, the RNA was significantly degraded. Thus, RNase exuded from wounded epidermal cells may bind easily with CMV CP at pH 6.0, disrupting virus multiplication in the cells at the infection sites.View full abstractDownload PDF (2588K) -
Hiroshi MAGOME, Hidetaka TERAUCHI, Nobuyuki YOSHIKAWA, Tsuyoshi TAKAHA ...1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 450-454
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNorthern hybridization analyses using an RNA probe corresponding to the 3'-terminal region of apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) genome indicated that all dsRNA preparations from tissues infected with 10 ASGV isolates contained three virus-specific dsRNAs (6.5, 2.0 and 1.0 kbp). Using additional RNA probes corresponding to different parts of the genome, a dsRNA preparation from ASGV (isolate P-209)-infected tissues was found to contain five virus-specific dsRNAs of 6.5 kbp (G-ds), 5.5 kbp (ds1), 4.5 kbp (ds2), 2.0 kbp (SG-ds1) and 1.0 kbp (SG-ds2). G-ds was probably the replicative form of the ASGV-genome. Ds1 and ds2 were thought to be 5'-coterminal with the ASGV genome. In contrast, SG-ds1 and SG-ds2 were thought to be 3'-coterminal with the genome. Both the positions of these RNAs relative to the genome and their sizes suggest that SG-ds1 and SG-ds2 are ds forms of subgenomic RNAs for the ORF2-encoded protein and the coat protein (CP), respectively. The C-terminal regions of the ORF1-encoded protein including the CP were expressed in Escherichia coli. The size of the expressed protein, which starts with methionine (Met) at amino acid position 1869 agreed with that of ASGV-CP, suggesting this Met is the starting amino acid of the CP.View full abstractDownload PDF (2187K) -
Toru TAKEUCHI, Hiroyuki SAWADA, Fumihiko SUZUKI, Izumi MATSUDA1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 455-462
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpecific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers targeting genomic DNA were selected for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of Burkholderia plantarii and B. glumae, the causal agents of bacterial seedling blight of rice and bacterial seedling rot of rice, respectively. The complete sequences of the spacer region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of B. plantarii, B. glumae, B. gladioli, B. cepacia, B. caryophylli, B. andropogonis, B. solanacearum and Pseudomonas corrugata, were determined. Among strains of B. plantarii from diverse geographical regions in Japan, the degree of sequence similarity was more than 93%. All strains of B. glumae isolated in diverse geographical regions in Japan had the same sequence. The degree of similarity among the strains of Burkhorderia spp. ranged from 60% to 90%, but less than 59% between strains of Burkholderia spp. and strains of P. corrugata, P. fluorescens and Escherichia coli. These results suggest that the sequences are conserved within species, but are variable between species. Since strains of B. plantarii, B. glumae and B. gladioli exhibited a relatively high degree of sequence similarity (81-90%) to each other, we designed species-specific primers from the sequence of the regions that were conserved within species, but not between species. In PCR with PL-12f (5'-AGCCAGTCAGAGGATAAGTC-3') and PL-11r (5'-CAATTGAGCCGAACATTTAAG-3') primers, an approximately 180-bp fragment was amplified in all 45 strains of B. plantarii. No PCR products were obtained from other bacteria tested. Primers GL-13f (5'-ACACGGAACACCTGGGTA-3') and GL-14r (5'-TCGCTCTCCCGAAGAGAT-3') amplified an approximately 400-bp fragment in all 20 isolates of B. glumae, whereas no PCR products were obtained from other species of bacteria. Using the specific primers designed in this study, the PCR method can detect and identify B. glumae and B. plantarii in rice samples within 6 hr.View full abstractDownload PDF (2547K) -
Motoaki KUSABA, Takashi TSUGE1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 463-469
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 27 strains from 13 Alternaria species, including 16 strains from seven pathogenic species which produce host-specific toxins (HSTs), were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Southern blots of total DNA digested with BglII, HindIII or XbaI were probed with 32P-labeled mtDNA isolated from A. kikuchiana strain 15A. On the basis of polymorphisms in mtDNA digested with these enzymes, the HST-producing species could not be differentiated from one another or from A. alternata. On the basis of the RFLP profiles, 18 variant types of mtDNA were identified in 27 strains and named M1 to M18. The HST-producing species and A. alternata contained 11 types, M1 to M11, four of which were shared by different HST-producing species and A. alternata. In contrast, strains of seven other Alternaria species that are morphologically distinguishable from A. alternata carried different mtDNA types, M12 to M18. The dendrogram based on the RFLPs placed the HST-producing species within a single group together with A. alternata. Sub-clusters distinctively corresponding to species or host range were not detected in this group. These results strengthen the idea that HST-producing Alternaria pathogens are intraspecific variants of A. alternata and should be designated as pathotypes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1608K) -
Siang-Hee TAN, Masamichi NISHIGUCHI, Wataru SAKAMOTO, Yutaka OGURA, Mi ...1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 470-474
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Hisashi IWAI, Junichi SAKAI, Kaoru HANADA, Kei ARAI1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 475-478
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 479-485
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 486-493
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 494-506
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 507-516
Published: 1997
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1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 516-527
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1997 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 528-534
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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