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Volume 48 (1982)
- Issue 5 Pages 559-
- Issue 4 Pages 419-
- Issue 3 Pages 245-
- Issue 2 Pages 141-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 48, Issue 1
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Jae Eul CHOI, Nobuaki MATSUYAMA, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe slime polysaccharide of X. campestris pv. oryzae caused wilting in rice cuttings. This substance was high molecular and was precipitated by ethanol. Wilt inducing potential of slime polysaccharides of virulent and avirulent clones could not be differentiated. The slime polysaccharide of all clones was composed of arabitol, mannose, glucuronolactone, glucose and glucuronic acid. The ratios of these sugars were quite different between large colony type and small colony type. In general, arabitol and glucose contents of slime polysaccharides were higher in small colony types (St and Sm) than in large colony types (Lw, Ld and Lh). Column chromatography on Sephadex G-200 revealed that the slime polysaccharides of each clone were heterogeneous in molecular weight. The wild type was composed of relatively greater amount of high molecular weight polysaccharide whereas the small colony type variants were of relatively low molecular ones. Intermediate types such as Ld and Lh were composed of both these types.
The hapten inhibition studies were carried out by using sugars of slime polysaccharide component and anti-Q7472-serum. In the case of the isolate Q7472 (serovar A), glucose, mannose and glucuronic acid inhibited precipitin reaction, while in the cases of Q7502 (serovar B-I) and N5837 (serovar B-II), glucuronic acid and glucuronolactone were strong promotors of the precipitin reaction. These facts suggest that the component sugars of a major portion of the immunogenic regions are remarkably different with serovars.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Kenichi TSUCHIYA, J.E. CHOI, T.W. MEW, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 9-18
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy means of gel diffusion test with antisera produced against Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae isolates Q7472 (serovar A), Q7502 (serovar B-I), and N5837 (serovar B-II), serological variations in the N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (NTG)-induced mutants of X. campestris pv. oryzae were investigated. Eighteen bacterial strains including two wild strains, PXO61 and PXO63-6, different in pathogenic group each other, two parent strains derived from them, and 14 mutant strains derived from the parent strains were compared with one another. Although much variations existed in virulence and colony type of the strains, almost all mutant strains retained the specificity of serovar A of the wild type and parent strains producing a precipitin band “a” against anti-Q7472-serum. Two phage-resistant mutants derived from PXO63-6, however, lost this specificity, and reacted only with two other antisera. These strains could be designated as serovar B-II based on the results of both gel diffusion test with the heated antigen against anti-Q7502-serum and autoagglutination test in CaCl2 solution. Both slime and somatic polysaccharides extracted from several mutants also showed serological specificity. Serovar specificity was closely correlated with phage sensitivity and autoagglutination but not with colony type and virulence.View full abstractDownload PDF (1807K) -
Michiaki TERANAKA, Shigeru YAMASHITA, Tomohide NATSUAKI, Seiichi OKUDA1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn September 1978, small, black, spherical granules were discovered on typical elongated lesions of rice blast at paddy rice field in Utsunomiya. These granules were revealed to be ascocarps in which a number of asci were produced. Similar ascocarps were observed again at the same field in 1980. The collection of such ascocarps led to a question concerning possible productivity of the perfect stage of Pyricularia oryzae in natural condition. However, in a course of study, pycnidia ocurred on culture derived from these ascospores, indicating that these ascocarps were independent of the rice blast fungus. The ascocarp, with an ostiole at the end of short beak, is perithecium or pseudothecium partially embedded in the host tissue. Pseudoparaphyses are developed within the ascocarp at maturity. The ascus is cylindrical, hyaline, bitunicate, and contains eight ascospores arranged in two rows. The ascospore is fusiform, light-brown, and separated typically to four cells. This ascomycete was identified to Leptosphaeria oryzaecola Hara. In 1980, on the other hand, pycnidia were found on greyish lesions of leaf blade and on speckled blotches of panicle of rice plant. The coindium borne in the pycnidium is hyaline, oblong to cylindrical, usually composed of three to four cells, and originated monoblastically from conidiogenous cell. This imperfect fungus was identified to Septoria oryzae Cattaneo. These two fungi, L. oryzaecola and S. oryzae, developed similarly to dark brown, cottony colonies on which ascostromata were produced fifty days after inoculation to potato dextrose agar. These ascostromata were those of L. oryzaecola. When the suspension of segmented mycelium of either fungus was spread on a medium, conidia were abundantly produced within pycnidia. These conidia were those of S. oryzae. From these results, it was concluded that L. oryzaecola and S. oryzae, isolated in the present investigation, were mycologically identical, namely, they were perfect and imperfect stages of the same fungus, respectively. It was also ascertained that this fungus was parasitic on rice plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (1749K) -
Mamoru SATO, Brian J. STASKAWICZ, Nickolas J. PANOPOULOS1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStrains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori, the causal agent of bacterial blight of mulberry, contain 2 to 4 indigenous plasmids ranging from approximately 4.5 to 70mdal and were classified into 9 groups according to their characteristic plasmid patterns. A survey of 17 isolates did not reveal apparent correlations between plasmid pattern and toxigenicity, phage sensitivity or other phenotypes tested. All strains tested accepted freely the non-conjugative plasmid RSF1010 through mobilization by naturally occurring conjugative plasmid pBPW1 of P. s. pv. tabaci BR2, but re-transferred RSF1010 into Esherichia coli at very low frequency. Thus, it seems to be indicated that they possess an indigenous fertility system which is either naturally repressed or mobilizes RSF1010 with low efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (1075K) -
Chikako ISHIBA, Tatsuo YOKOYAMA, Toshikazu TANI1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 34-43
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new disease of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni was found in Kagawa Prefecture in the early July of 1978 and named as the leaf spot disease of stevia. In the beginning, small brown spot occurred on the leaves and gradually developed to round to rectangle or irregularity expanded, large, brown to dark-brown spots. Eventually these leaves were defoliated. Many pycnidia of a species of the genus Septoria were formed on relatively old spots. Original isolate (S-O=IFO 31181) was obtained from a pin-size spot on the leaves. The growth of this isolate on PSA medium was very slow. Sectors of the black (S-B) and the white (S-W) colonies which grew considerably well on various agar media were formed in abundance during culture. Inoculation tests indicated that all of these three isolates (S-O, S-B and S-W) were pathogenic on stevia leaves, but not on leaves of Erigeron annuus and Chrysanthemum morifolium. The maximum mycelial growth of the S-B isolate on PSA and stevia leaf decoction agar was found at 25C and in a range of pH 5.5 to 7.0. Since the leaf spot symptoms caused by S. erigerontis and S. solidaginicola were found on the leaves of two Compositae plants, E. annuus and Solidago altissima, respectively, which were growing near stevia fields, the morphological and pathogenic characteristics of these fungi were compared with the stevia fungus. S. solidaginicola was different from the Stevia fungus in the size of the pycnospores on host plants. S. erigerontis was different from the stevia fungus in its cultural characteristics and did not show any pathogenicity on stevia leaves. On the basis of the pathogenicity on stevia and its morphological characteristics, the present fungus was considered as a new species causing the leaf spot disease of stevia and a new name for the fungus, Septoria steviae sp. nov., was proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1843K) -
Chikako ISHIBA, Tatsuo YOKOYAMA, Toshikazu TANI1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 44-51
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new disease of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni caused by a hitherto undescribed species of the genus Alternaria was found in Kagawa Prefecture in the late August of 1978 and was named as the black spot disease of stevia. Symptom on leaves appeared as small spots at an early stage of the infection, similar to that of the leaf spot caused by Septoria steviae. The spots expanded to irregular shape in black color and were surrounded with a chlorotic zone. The spots also occurred on stems, petiols and involucral scales. Among several Alternaria species isolated from the diseased stevia leaves, the fungus showed pathogenicity on stevia leaves by an artificial inoculation. The fungus was also pathogenic on the injured leaves of taxonomically related plants: Eupatorium chinense and E. fortunei, but not on the leaves of Chrysanthemum frutescens, C. morifolium, Erigeron annuus and Tagetes patula. Maximum mycelial growth of the causal fungus Alternaria sp. (Kagawa-a=IFO 31182) on PSA medium was at 25C and in a range of pH 6.0 to 6.5. Based on the morphological characteristics and specific pathogenicity on stevia plants, the present fungus was considered as a new species of the genus Alternaria and Alternaria steviae, sp. nov. was proposed. The occurrence of black spot disease in fields was diversed depending on stevia strains and this was highly correlated with the susceptibility of leaves to the fungus as tested by the artificial inoculation. The culture filtrate of the pathogen growing in Richard's liquid medium induced a necrotic lesion on the leaves of susceptible strains at a concentration of 1:8. On the leaves of resistant strains, however, necrosis appeared only when undiluted culture filtrate was applied. The use of culture filtrate was suggested as effective for selection of the stevia strains resistant to the black spot of stevia caused by Alternaria steviae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1334K) -
Ryutaro SAKAI, Yosuke MINO, Emiko HOSOI1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 52-57
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActivities of cellulase, polygalacturonase (PG) and polymethylgalacturonase (PMG) in potato tuber discs treated with coronatine, an extracellular toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. atropurpurea (Reddy and Godkin) Young et al., were determined as an approach to the mechanism of hypertrophy induced by the toxin. The optimum pHs of cellulase, PG and PMG were around 5.0, 4.0 and 5.0, respectively. All these enzyme activities were considerably increased by coronatine treatment. Cellulase, PG or PMG was little altered, partially inhibited or slightly enhanced, respectively, by the addition of Ca++. The hypertrophy induced by coronatine can be partly explained in terms of the loosening of cell wall due to the increased activities of cellulase, PG and PMG.View full abstractDownload PDF (595K) -
Tsuneaki CHIDA, Tadayuki UEKITA, Keigo SATAKE, Kiyoto HIRANO, Katsumic ...1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 58-63
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFthalide (4, 5, 6, 7-tetrachlorophthalide) has an inhibitory effect on infection process of rice blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae. The formation of penetration pegs of appressoria was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The conidia, treated with 2μg/ml of fthalide, were inoculated on rice leaf sheaths and formed appressoria. However, the formation of penetration pegs were not observed at the bases of appressoria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1448K) -
Pham Van KIM, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 64-67
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Fumiyoshi FUKUMOTO, Yoshifumi ITO, Hiroshi TOCHIHARA1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 68-71
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1975, four viruses, bean yellow mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus and tobacco ringspot virus were isolated from field-grown gladiolus plants or gladiolus bulbs sold in the market, in Japan. Bean yellow mosaic virus was the most prevalent virus, and the other viruses were isolated in the low frequency. Tobacco ringspot virus was isolated for the first time from plants in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (970K) -
Osamu HORINO, Twing Wah MEW, Toshiaki YAMADA1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 72-75
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 76-86
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 86-92
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 92-100
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 100-120
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 121-129
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 129-138
Published: January 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1982 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 139
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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