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Volume 50 (1984)
- Issue 5 Pages 565-
- Issue 4 Pages 455-
- Issue 3 Pages 295-
- Issue 2 Pages 149-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 50, Issue 4
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Toshiki SHIOMI, Miyoji SUGIURA1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 455-460
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree Japanese strains of mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) transmitted by Macrosteles orientalis, potato purple-top wilt MLO (PPWM) in Japan and aster yellows MLO (AYM) from USA were compared with each other from the viewpoints of their host range and mode of transmission by vectors. The three Japanese MLO strains and AYM were successfully transmitted by M. orientalis and M. fascifrons to test plants, but PPWM was not transmitted by these vectors. Scleroractus flavopictus transmitted PPWM but did not others. The host ranges of the three Japanese strains and AYM very resembled showing minor differences from each other. When M. orientalis was fed on Cryptotaenia japonica infected with the three Japanese strains and AYM, respectively, percentages of infectious individuals increased in proportion to acquisition feeding period to reach about 80% by 5 to 7 days. In the case of M. fascifrons, however, only 30-40% of the individuals became infectious. The three Japanese MLO strains and AYM had incubation periods of 14-23 days (18-19 days in average) and were transmitted by M. orientalis in persistent manner. From these results, it became clear that the three strains of M. oreintalis-transmitted MLO in Japan were related to AYM from USA but not to PPWM in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (663K) -
Tsuneo TSUCHIZAKI, Toshihiro SENBOKU, Mitsuro IWAKI, Surapee PHOLAUPOR ...1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 461-468
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sap-transmissible virus isolated from infected asparagus bean (Vigna sesquipedalis) in Thailand and Malaysia had relatively wide host range, but the plants showed systemic symptom were limited to Leguminosae. In asparagus bean juice, infectivity was lost by heating at 55-65C for 10 minutes, by diluting at 10-4-10-5, and by aging at 20C for 1-3 days. The virus was flexuous filaments of about 750nm in length, and was transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner. The isolate from Thaliand was seed-borne in cowpea but not in asparagus bean. In double-diffusion tests in agar gel plates containing lithium 3, 5-diiodosalicylate, the virus reacted strongly with antiserum to the Florida isolate of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (B1CMV) and bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), but not with antiserum to the Morocco isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CAMV). From these results, this virus was identified as B1CMV. In double diffusion test, the isolate of CAMV from Tokyo (Tsuchizaki et al., 1970) reacted strongly with antisera to the Florida isolate of B1CMV, the Thailand isolate of B1CMV, but not with antiserum to the Morocco isolate of CAMV. Based on the results of serological tests, the Tokyo isolate previously designated as CAMV was considered an isolate of B1CMV.View full abstractDownload PDF (1830K) -
Sadao KOBAYASHI, Shuichi YAMASHITA, Yoji DOI, Kiyoshi YORA1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 469-475
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) assay was applided for 9 plant viruses, barley stripe mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, white clover mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, rice stripe virus, rice dwarf virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco necrosis virus and its satellite virus. Agarose gels containing 4mM barbital, 20mM barbital sodium, 2mM EDTA, 200μg/ml sodium lauryl sulfate, 0.05-0.1% crude antiserum and 1% agarose, pH 8.6 were useful for virus assay. Barley stripe mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus and rice stripe virus were detected in 0.5μg/ml, 1μg/ml and 0.05 (in A260 value) of purified preparations, and in 1/256, 1/320 and 1/128 (W/V) crude saps from infected plants, respectively. Barley stripe mosaic virus was detected in about 250 protoplasts isolated from infected barley plants. The assay required only 5 to 7 hours for electrophoresis and staining. When two viruses were electrophoresed in the gel containing both antiserum, rocket-shaped precipitates from the same well were formed and each virus was assayed simultaneously.View full abstractDownload PDF (1699K) -
Katsumi KATAYAMA, Sadao KIMURA1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 476-482
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo hundred and nine strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum were obtained from potato fields in Nagasaki, Japan, at periodic intervals late in the growing season on the fall crop. Thirty seven strains were classified as biovar II, one as biovar III, and 171 as biovar IV. The percentage of biovar II strains increased in the latter period of the growing season. In static culture at 16.5C, biovar II strains grew more rapidly than those of biovar IV. Biovar IV grew more at 35C for four days than at 24C for seven days and 16.5C for 14 days. However, biovar II did not show clear difference of growth at 16.5C for 14 days and 35C for four days. There was no difference in the latent period between biovar II and IV strains in inoculation experiments. Biovar II and IV strains were considered to be race 3 and race 1, respectively. This is the first report of race 3 of P. solanacearum in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
Isao MATSUMOTO, Yasuji ASADA1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 483-490
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResistance against Peronospora parasitica was induced in roots of a susceptible radish cultivar when they had been preliminarily inoculated with pathogen or wounding. An increase in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and lignification of cell walls occurred in these tissues after challenge inoculation with downy mildew fungus. Histochemical observations indicated that the cell walls were lignified in the tissue beyond the site of fungal attack. When lower leaves of cucumber plants were similarly treated with a lignification-inducing factor (LIF) obtained from the homogenate of diseased tissues, resistance against Colletotrichum lagenarium was induced even on the upper leaves and Lignification of the cell walls occurred rapidly in these leaf tissues. These results suggested that the LIF plays a significant role in the induction of systemic resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1551K) -
Keiji MAEKAWA, Iwao FURUSAWA1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 491-499
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRNA-dependent RNA polymerase in brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected barley leaves was purified by using a detergent and ion exchange column chromatography. In vitro reaction, template dependency and specificity of the enzyme were enhanced after solubilization of the membrane-bound polymerase with Nonidet P 40 and purification using DEAE-Bio-Gel A chromatography, and the enzyme had complete substrate dependency. The products synthe-sized by the enzyme were analyzed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiogra-phy. Newly synthesized RNA was associated complementarily with template BMV RNA, and the double stranded portion was short indicating immature termination of replication. This RNA polymerase activity was found specific in BMV-infected tissue and had high template specificity only to BMV RNA. These facts suggested that the template specificity of this enzyme was controlled by BMV gene products.View full abstractDownload PDF (1450K) -
Hideaki NEGISHI, Kiroku KOBAYASHI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 500-506
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdzuki bean seedlings were inoculated with conidia of Cephalosporium gregatum with or without second-stage larvae of Heterodera glycines in the greenhouse.
Infected plants were significantly increased by the mixed inoculation with fungi(105-106 conidia/g soil) and nematodes (30 larvae/g soil) than by the fungi alone. Simultaneous inoculation with fungi and nematodes, particularly, made the disease more severe. Wilt symptoms were not observed until 30 days after the inoculation. Distinct wilt symptoms appeared in the plants with the simultaneous inoculation with both pathogens at the podforming stage of the plants 50 days after the inoculation. In contrast, plants inoculated with either pathogen alone did not cause any wilt symptoms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1122K) -
Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI, Akio SUMINO1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 507-514
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew morphological type in Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 was obtained from the sugarbeet-manufactory-waste-soils. This type was easily differentiated from two known types in Japan, 1A and 1B, in cultural appearance, especially in the size and distribution of sclerotia. Many small sclerotia (0.2-0.8mm) with dark brown to black were scattered evenly on the medium, and zonation could not be seen. In USA three types (type 1, type 2, type 3) are known in R. solani AG 1. Cultural appearance and properties of this new morphological type were almost the same as those of the type 3. Type 1 and type 2 correspond to 1B and 1A, respectively. So, we propose to designate this new type corresponding to type 3 as morphological type 1C.
Optimum temperature for hyphal growth of this type was 30C and the linear growth was 34.7mm/24hr on PDA. The width of mature main hyphae was 6.69±1.92μm. The difference of the frequency of hyphal anastomosis was seen in any combination of 1A, 1B and this type. This type had a high pathogenicity to the seedlings of Japanese radish, sugarbeet, bean, lettuce, cabbage, tomato and eggplant. This type had also been obtained from the field soils of Hokkaido, Tochgi and Fukuoka as well as from the sugarbeet-manufactory-waste-soilsView full abstractDownload PDF (1362K) -
Nobumichi SAKO, Kohsuke YOSHIOKA, Katsumi EGUCHI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 515-521
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn aphid transmission tests with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Myzus persicae acquired and transmitted simultaneously TuMV and WMV after prior acquisition of WMV-helper component (HC) from infected leaves and the virus specificity of the HC was confirmed. The aphid, M. persicae could transmit both viruses but Aphis craccivora could transmit only TuMV. Dactynotus gobonis transmitted TuMV efficiently but WMV rarely. However, the latter two aphid species, unlike M. persicae, did not acquire TuMV from purified preparations after prior acquisition of WMV-HC from infected leaves, suggesting some dissimilarity to aphid species. M. persicae, acquired HC from WMV- or potato virus Y (PVY)-infected leaves and then fed on purified TuMV by feeding through membranes, lost ability to transmit TuMV after 10 to 30min on healthy plants or after 7 to 9hr in glass containers; they acquired WMV- or PVY-HC after feeding for 2min to 9hr on a source, but the shorter acquisition feedings enabled them to acquire and transmit TuMV the more efficiently. These results indicate that HC already acquired by vectors might lose the ability to interact with virus particles when the acquisition feeding is prolonged.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
Kiroku KOBAYASHI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 522-527
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMutagenesis was induced in Cephalosporium gregatum Type A isolates by using N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and UV irradiation as mutagens. The morphological properties of the induced mutants grown on the medium of soybean stem agar was almost the same as those of the parent isolates, but some of their cultural characteristics on potato dextrose agar medium, gregatin productivity and pathogenicity differed significantly from those of parent isolates. Another metabolite different from gregatins was isolated from culture filtrates of the mutants and was identified to be the same compound (ascochlorin) isolated from some phytopathogenic fungi.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K) -
Takao KOBAYASHI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 528-534
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfestation of fresh petals of various ornamental woody plants with Botrytis cinerea Pers. was examined throughout the year from June 1982 to May 1983 by culturing the pieces of fresh petals on PDA plates. In total 1049 pieces were used for the isolation tests. Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria spp. showed highest isolation rate, being 21% for each genus. The fungi belonging to the genera Epicoccum, Colletotrichum, Phomopsis, Macrophoma and Pestalotiopsis also infested fresh petals with moderate isolation rate from 4 to 16%.
Of 53 plant species used for isolation tests, fresh petals of 31 species belonging to 23 genera of 15 families had been infested with B. cinerea. Relatively high infestation percentage, from 10 to 40%, was recorded during spring through early summer and low one, around 5%, during late autumn through winter. Moreover, numerous conidial masses of B. cinerea were observed on the fallen petals of 28 plant species which belong 19 genera of 14 families, throughout the year. No seasonal variation was observed in conidial production on fallen petals. From these isolation tests and field observations it seems to be sure that these conidia play an important role as the infection source of the fungus throughout the year.
Besides petal infestation, the disease development of gray mold on leaves by adhering fallen petals infested with the fungus was recorded on Cornus florida, Hypericum chinense, Nerium indicum, Osmanthus aurantiacus and Stewartia pseudocamellia. Among them, four except C. florida were new hosts for B. cinerea.View full abstractDownload PDF (1312K) -
Mikio KUSUNOKI, Takio ICHITANI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 535-537
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (328K) -
Hideyoshi TOYODA, Hideyuki HAYASHI, Keitaka YAMAMOTO, Tokuzo HIRAI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 538-540
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (708K) -
Hirofumi KOBATAKE, Takeshi OSAKI, Tadao INOUYE1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 541-544
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThrips setosus Moulton was found to be a new vector of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) at Gojo, Nara Prefecture. The insects were commonly observed on tomato plants, Sonchus oleraceus L. and Youngia japonica (L.) DC. naturally grown around tomato fields. Frequent occurrence of TSWV was observed in these two weeds around the heavily infested tomato fields. These weeds may play an important role as a overwintering host and a reservoir of TSWV at Gojo.View full abstractDownload PDF (918K) -
Susumu YAMANAKA, Soichi NAKAYAMA, Tsuneo NAMAI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 545-548
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Pyricularia isolate from goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., produced perithecium like structures (PLSs) scatteringly around the inoculum on oatmeal agar. The PLS consisted of peridium, 134 (74-234)μm in diameter and beak, 84 (46-133)μm in width×528 (122-1313)μm in length. The PLS was morphologically indistinguishable from the perithecium produced at the junction of both mycelia by matings between the isolate and other isolates from some Graminacious plants. But, neither asci nor ascospores were produced in the peridium of the PLS. This isolate was considered to be hermaphroditic.View full abstractDownload PDF (824K) -
M.H. Rahabar-BHATTI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 549-550
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (810K) -
Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI, Tadao UI1984 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 551-553
Published: October 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (264K)
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