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Volume 43 (1977)
- Issue 5 Pages 501-
- Issue 4 Pages 386-
- Issue 3 Pages 237-
- Issue 2 Pages 129-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 43, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Meisaku KOIZUMI1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 129-136
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial population and histological changes during the lesion extension of citrus canker were examined with regard to host resistance. On susceptible plants, lesion developed rapidly for an extended period of time. In the early stage of lesion development, the central part of the lesion became extremely hypertrophic, and abundant bacterial masses were observed in the hypertrophic tissue spreading into intercellular spaces of the peripheral non-hypertrophic tissues. In the process of lesion enlargement, hypertrophic cells were disintegrated gradually, starting from the central part of the lesion, by the action of the causal bacteria. Bacterial multiplication was markedly enhanced for a time accompanied by disintegration of the cells. In the later stage of lesion extension, bacterial multiplication seemed to be inhibited at the peripheral parts of the lesion, and bacterial masses were enclosed gradually with cell layers divided irregularly. On resistant plants, lesion extension was slow and both populations of hypertrophic cells and bacteria were always less. The host response such as irregular cell divisions and enclosure of bacteria with cell layers occurred more rapidly, and lesion extension was inhibited at an earlier stage than in the case of susceptible plants. In the later stage of lesion extension, hypertrophic cells became necrotic followed by disintegration, and few bacteria multiplied there. After the extinction of bacteria in the diseased tissues, meristematic tissue which looks like cork cambium surrounded the disintegrated tissue, restricting lesion extension. Exudation of bacteria from lesions on susceptible plants continued for a longer period at a higher level during lesion extension than that on resistant plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1478K) -
Tomio USUGI, Yasuo SAITO1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 137-144
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe host range of satsuma dwarf virus was studied by means of mechanical inoculations. Among the tested plants, including 27 species of 10 families, 22 species of 8 families were found to be susceptible to the virus. The virus was purified, after clarification of homogenized petunia leaf tissues with Mg-bentonite, by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, treatment with carbon tetrachloride, differential centrifugation, and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. Three zones appeared after sucrose density-gradient centrifugation for six hours. The middle and the bottom zone were separated from each other by three cycles of sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. Spherical particles, 26nm in diameter, were observed in the three zones. However, particles in the top zone were empty or incomplete. Sedimentation coefficients of the middle and the bottom zone were 119S and 129S, respectively. The bottom zone had a higher ratio of absorbance at 260:280nm than did the middle zone. An enhancement of infectivity over the infectivity of each zone alone at the same concentration was obtained after mixing of the middle and the bottom zones. The infectivity dilution curve of the purified virus was of the double hit type. After isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation in cesium chloride, two components with different buoyant densities (1.43 and 1.46g/cm3) were found in the purified virus. The lighter component coincided with the middle zone and the denser component coincided with the bottom zone. Virus antisera were prepared in rabbits by giving two intravenous and two intramuscular injections of the purified preparation. The antisera titers were 1/640 in complement fixation tests. In agar double-diffusion tests, the virus did not react with antisera against tomato blackring, tomato ringspot, cherry leaf roll, tobacco ringspot, strawberry latent ringspot, raspberry ringspot, bean pod mottle, cowpea mosaic, cucumber mosaic, and citrus leaf rugose viruses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1427K) -
Kazuo ABIKO, Kunihei KISHI, Akio YOSHIOKA1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 145-150
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven isolates of Puccinia hoyiana tolerant to oxycarboxin (5, 6-dihydro-2-methyl 1, 4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide-4, 4-dioxide) were detected on pot chrysanthemums in Nara and Mie Prefectures of Japan.
Tolerant isolates required oxycarboxin concentration 5-10 times greater than sensitive isolates to inhibit teleutospore germination, and 10-20 times greater to inhibit basidiospore formation. Plants inoculated with tolerant isolates showed more severe disease symptoms than plants inoculated with sensitive isolates.
Since amobam, captan, maneb, triforine and wettable sulphur were effective against oxycarboxin-tolerant isolates, these fungicides may be included in a spray program. Oxycarboxin-tolerant isolates, however, showed cross-tolerance to carboxin (5, 6-dihy-dro-2-methyl-1, 4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide).View full abstractDownload PDF (1670K) -
Y. HISADA, Y. KAWASE1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 151-158
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSN-(3', 5'-dichlorophenyl)-1, 2-dimethylcyclo propane-1, 2-dicarboximide, S-7131 (Sumilex®), inhibited remarkably the mycelial growth and conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea in a liquid nutrient medium, causing unusual swelling of hyphae and shortening of their internodes at its sublethal concentrations, and bursting cells at the lethal concentrations. Bursting of cells which was observed 2 to 3hr after the treatment of the fungicide was the earliest morphological response. This was observed on growing cells but not on resting cells. The hyphal cells treated with S-7131 burst similarly under high osmotic pressure. In the presence of S-7131, protoplasts obtained from the hyphae of B. cinerea were stable and regeneratedcell wall-like structures, which were observed under a phase-contrast microscope after osmotic shock. The results suggest that S-7131 neither affects the cell wall and the cell membrane by its direct action norinhibits the synthesis of the cell wall. S-7131 probably causes bursting of cells as an indirect effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (2130K) -
Toru SHIMOMURA1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 159-166
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was inoculated on the naked mesophyll tissues of Nicotiana glutinosa leaves from which the under epidermis had been removed, a few necrotic lesions were found on the stripped areas of the leaves. These lesions appeared a few days later than those on the leaves with epidermis and they were larger in size and less colored than normal lesions. It seemed that they were formed in close association with the intact upper epidermis which presumably became infected with TMV moved from the mesophyll tissues. When the epidermis-stripped areas of N. glutinosa leaves were inoculated with TMV and assayed for the virus content, it was found that TMV introduced into naked parenchymatous tissues could multiply to some extent. In the isolated epidermis removed from the under surface of leaves inoculated with TMV, the virus also multiplied provided the epidermis was incubated for 4 days floating on distilled water. No lesions, however, appeared on the epidermis. On the contrary, when the under epidermis of N. glutinosa leaves incubated at 22C was removed 8-10hr after inoculation of the epidermis, typical lesions same as those found on the epidermis-remaining areas were formed on the areas devoid of epidermis. When the upper epidermis was previously removed and the TMV-inoculated lower epidermis was removed about 10hr after inoculation, lesions also appeared on the areas devoid of both epidermis. No lesions developed, however, on the naked mesophyll tissues from which the under epidermis had been removed 5hr after inoculation. Bioassay of these areas revealed the presence of TMV in the stripped areas. It appears that interactions between epidermis and mesophyll tissues are needed for lesion formation even after TMV has reached to the mesophyll tissues. When inoculated leaves kept for some time at high temperature (28C) were exposed to low temperature (20C), lesions were formed. Since lesions were still found on the stripped areas when the epidermis was stripped immediately before the exposure of leaves to 20C, it is suggested that low temperature is not always necessary for proceeding the interactions between epidermis and mesophyll tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (1586K) -
Toru SHIMOMURA1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 167-174
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen Nicotiana glutinosa, French bean, and Xanth-nc tobacco plants, local lesion hosts of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), were kept at low temperature (14-16C) for 3 days before TMV inoculation, a remarkable decrease was found in their susceptibility to TMV. Such a pre-inoculation treatment gave the same result with a combination of detached N. glutinosa leaves and TMV. When half-leaves of N. glutinosa were inoculated after incubation at 17C for 3 days and transferred to 25C, local lesions produced on them extremely decreased in number as compared with those on control half-leaves which had been kept stationarily at 25C. The number of local lesions decreased to 50% of the control even when the half-leaves were kept at 17C only for 3-8hr. Also in a combination of TMV and Samsun tobacco, a systemic host of TMV, the number of heat-induced necrotic lesions was decreased by keeping the half-leaves at 17C before TMV inoculation.
To the contrary, when half-leaves of N. glutinosa were kept at high temperature (36C) for 3-8hr and transferred to 25C after TMV inoculation, the number of local lesions increases 2.4-2.8 times as many as those on control half-leaves which were kept stationarily at 25C. Similarly, when the half-leaves of N. glutinosa kept at 30C or 25C for 8hr before TMV inoculation were transferred to 25C or 17C, respectively, local lesions considerably increased. However, no significant difference in the number of local lesions was found among the half-leaves kept always at 36C, 30C, 25C, or 17C before and after TMV inoculation. These results indicate that the decrease or increase in the susceptibility of a plant to TMV infection may be due to some physiological conditions induced by the change of environmental temperature under which it is grown. The rate of RNA and protein synthesis, or the number of ectodesmata in epidermal leaf cells, seemed to have no relation to the mechanism of the decreased or increased susceptibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (2184K) -
II. Effect of irradiation at different stages of sporulationTsuneo NAMAI, Susumu YAMANAKA, Tadao MISAWA1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 175-182
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sporulation process of rice blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, was devided into two phases of the conidiophore formation and the spore production. The conidiophore formation greatly depended on irradiation. Under the continuous light, the conidiophore formation proceeded nomally, but under the continuous darkness, the aerial hypha instead of the conidiophore was produced. It was apparent that the irradiation was essential for the conidiorhore formation.
The spore production also depended on irradiation. The spore production proceeded normally under irradiation, but it was repressed remarkably under darkness. The dedifferentiation from conidiophore to aerial hyphae was not observed under darkness, but the spore production proceeded slowly and some abnormalities at spore production appeared. The delayed period of spore production under darkness was affected by the period of irradiation just before the darkness treatment. The repression of sporulation under darkness was eliminated by reirradiation, and the sporulation proceeded again. When intermittently irradiated at an interval of 6hr, the sporulation proceeded during the irradiation period, and was repressed during the dark period. On the other hand, in the same treatment at an interval of 12hr, the repression of sporulation during the dark period was obscure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1718K) -
Pyoyun PARK1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 183-191
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYoung leaves of cultivar Nijisseiki and Chojuro of Japanese pear were treated with 100ppm citrinin which exerts a pathological effect similar to that of AK-toxin and the ultrastructural changes in the treated leaves were observed. Within 3h of treatment, citrinin caused a rapid electrolyte-loss in Nijisseiki leaves without any visible symptoms. The invagination of plasma membrane at the both ends of plasmodesmata in the vascular bundle sheath cells was the first obvious change in the ultrastructure. By 8h after treatment, the veinal necrosis appeared and invaginations of plasma membrane became more extensive in both vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. The spaces between cell wall and invaginated plasma membrane contained many lomasome-like vesicles, the central cores extended from plasmodesmata and electron-lucent materials. Cellular membranes were disrupted in necrotic cells of Nijisseiki leaves treated with citrinin for 12h. Citrinin did not affect the cells of resistant Chojuro leaves even after 12h of treatment. These results suggest that citrinin acts upon plasma membrane of Nijisseiki cells and that permeability changes are correlated with the plasma membrane modifications.View full abstractDownload PDF (2630K) -
II. The Seed Infection Course from the Infected Stem of Bottle Gourd to the Fruit and SeedKatsuto KUNIYASU, Kunihei KISHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 192-198
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe percentage of seed infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lagenariae Matuo et Yamamoto, was estimated as 2.0-16.8 in the seed lots assessed by sowing them in soil and observing symptom appearance on the seedlings. The seed infection varied according to seed lot originated from different mother fruit. The seeds tested were collected from diseased fruits after allowing their mesocarps to decompose completely in the fields following the routine method practiced by seed collectors for market. The pathogenic fungus was isolated from various parts of infected plant in order to clarify the route by which the fungus moved from diseased stem to the seeds. The fungus was detected consistently from the discolored xylem tissues of stems and peduncles. In unripe fruits, the invasion of the fungus was restricted to the base of peduncle, and no fungus was detected from any other part of the young fruit. In mature fruits borne on the diseased stem, however, brownish discoloration was found in the principal vascular bundles and the fungus was readily isolated from those parts. It was also isolated from tissue sections obtained from the mesocarp including finer vascular bundles as well as from the seeds. The result shows the possibility of direct invasion of the pathogen to the seeds through the vascular bundles. But the level of infected seed resulting from such direct invasion was quite low as a whole. With advance of maturity of diseased fruit, the fungus latent mostly in the discolored vascular bundles multiplied saprophytically within the decaying mesocarp and then penetrated subsequently into seed coats. Some of them penetrated even into embryos. High rate of seed infection, 16.8-46.7%, resulted from decomposition of mesocarps. The fungus was deep-seated in the seed-coats from its epidermis to parenchyma tisssues in the forms of mycelia and chlamydospores. On the contrary, the fungus adhering to the surface of seed coats was very low in its population, and almost all of them died out during its storage for 4 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (2627K) -
Malati MAJUMDAR, S.P. RAYCHAUDHURI1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 199-201
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (245K) -
I. Comparisons of Papillae and Halos Induced by Erysiphe graminis Infection to Wound Plugs and Halos Induced by Tween 20 and/or Glycerine SpraysTakayuki TSUZUKI, Hiroshi ISHIZAKI, Hitoshi KUNOH1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 202-206
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1426K) -
Toshiki SHIOMI, Hiromi IEMURA, Hiroshi FUJII1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 207-210
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo bacteriophage isolates specific for Xanthomonas vitians (Brown) Dowson were isolated and some of their biological characteristics were elucidated. These two isolates were similar in morphology, consisting of a polyhedral head of 40nm in diameter, with a very short tail, but were different in their virulence against X. vitians isolates.View full abstractDownload PDF (851K) -
Yasushi TAKAGI, Kadzuyoshi SHIMADA1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 211-214
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAqueous extracts from the saw dust-rice bran media with grown mycelia of Hymenomycetes (Lentinus edodes or Flammulina velutipes) strongly inhibited tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. The saw dust-rice bran media with grown mycelia were good sources to obtain virus inhibitor from Hymenomycetes.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Yasushi TAKAGI, Kazuyoshi SHIMADA, Sadahiko IIDA1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 215-218
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from the saw dust-rice bran media with grown mycelia of some edible fungi on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection and multiplication was examined. Edible fungi used were Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing., Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex Fr.) Sing., Lyophyllum aggregatum (Schaff. ex Secr.) Kühner., Auricularia auricula-Judae (Bull. ex Fr.) Quél., Tremella fuciformis Berk., Pholiota nameko (T. Ito) S. Ito et Imai, Volvariella esculenta Bres. and Agricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. The extracts from the saw dust-rice bran media with grown mycelia of L. edodes or F. velutipes strongly inhibited TMV infection. However, no significant effect on TMV muliplication was noted in all extracts examined here.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Koushi NISHIYAMA, Ryutaro SAKAI, Akinori EZUKA, Akitami ICHIHARA, Kuni ...1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 219-220
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Toru SHIMOMURA, Yuko OHASHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 221-223
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen midribs of leaves of local lesion hosts were inoculated with TMV, necrosis appeared on the midribs. However, necrosis did not appear on the midribs when they were detached from the leaf tissues and were inoculated with TMV, although TMV multiplied in the midribs. It is postulated that necrotization of the inoculated midribs is caused by some chemical substances, probably by polyphenol or by other low molecular substances which have moved from adjacent green tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (875K) -
Toru SHIMOMURA, Yuko OHASHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 224-227
Published: April 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen detached leaves of local lesion hosts inoculated with a high concentration of TMV were incubated at 30C for 4-5 days and then transferred to 22C, apparent necrosis did not appear on the inoculated leaves. It is suggested that necrotization does not occur in leaf tissues in which TMV has fully multiplied at 30C, even if they were then transferred to 22C, the optimal temperature for necrotization.View full abstractDownload PDF (1034K)
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