Japanese Journal of Phytopathology
Online ISSN : 1882-0484
Print ISSN : 0031-9473
ISSN-L : 0031-9473
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Volume 80, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Review
  • Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant pathogenic fungi and their involvement in pathogenicity; a genomics-based approach for understanding their evolution and diversity.
    M. KODAMA, Y. AKAGI, K. TAKAO, E. NANBA, M. YAMAMOTO, K. AKIMITSU, T. ...
    2014 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 207-216
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.80.207
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Strategies for successful infection of host plants are highly diverse in fungal pathogens, which range from biotrophs to necrotrophs. As more microbial genomes have been sequenced, more fungal genes have been identified as being involved in pathogenesis, as exemplified by those for biosynthesis of toxic secondary metabolites such as host-specific toxins. Filamentous fungi produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites—small molecules that are not necessary for normal growth or development. The role of host-specific toxins in plant–fungus interaction as well as the biochemistry and molecular basis of toxin biosynthesis are discussed. The availability of fungal genomic sequences has revealed a remarkably large number of biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, e.g., polyketides and nonribosomal peptides including cyclic peptides, extremely large classes of natural products of fungal origin. The origin and evolutionary processes for these gene clusters are largely unknown. Analysis of the arrangement and sequences of genes in the clusters should shed light on how the clusters and abilities to produce toxic secondary metabolites evolved.
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Originals
  • Climatic conditions after heading are correlated with levels of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol in wheat after different fungicide applications.
    N. MIYANO, H. TSUJI, A. OHBA, T. SUZUKI, N. SATO
    2014 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 217-221
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.80.217
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In Miyagi Prefecture, 2–3 fungicide applications after heading are encouraged to suppress Fusarium head blight (FHB) and mycotoxin contamination in wheat, but farmers want to reduce fungicide applications to decrease costs and environmental impacts. To obtain the data needed to rationally reduce fungicide applications, we applied fungicide 0–2 times starting at early flowering in 2007 to 2013 on the popular wheat cultivar Shiranekomugi having a medium level of FHB resistance to test for correlations between climatic conditions after heading and the levels of FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat in fields at the Miyagi Prefecture Furukawa Agricultural Experimental Station. FHB severity was positively correlated with both number of rainy days and minimum air temperature for 10 days after the early flowering stage, and DON concentration was positively correlated with total precipitation during 11 to 20 days after early flowering with and without fungicide applications. Fungicide applications reduced FHB severity and DON concentrations in wheat grains collected from plots with either 1 or 2 fungicide applications did not exceed the temporary standard in Japan of 1.1 ppm DON. The results suggest that 1 application for FHB control at early flowering can reduce DON in wheat grains to below the Japanese standard level for Shiranekomugi in average climatic conditions in Miyagi Prefecture.
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  • All-season detection of Satsuma dwarf virus using an immunochromatographic assay kit.
    M. KATO, C. KAGEYAMA, K. ISHII, H. UENISHI, A. FUJITA, N. KUSANO, M. N ...
    2014 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 222-228
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.80.222
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) causes serious damage to citrus production by reducing the quality and yield of fruit. SDV in young shoots of citrus trees is usually detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); however, such tests can only be performed during several weeks in the spring and are time-consuming. To overcome these issues, we developed an all-season, rapid detection method using an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) kit. The results obtained using this system showed that petals, stigmas, and ovaries sampled from SDV-infected plants during the spring gave positive results that were comparable to those obtained using shoots. In the summer and autumn, the virus was detected from the flavedo of fruits of SDV-infected plants at a high frequency and more frequently detected in the flavedo of fruits from inside the tree crown than in fruits from the exterior of the crown. In the winter, flavedo from fruits stored at ambient temperature for 3 months also tested positive. The frequency of detection was sometimes lower in fruits obtained in the summer or stored at ambient temperature for 1–3 months. We therefore recommend that more samples should be taken from fruits for SDV diagnosis using ICA. SDV diagnosis of citrus scions in the winter is more effective using young leaves and flower buds that have been sprouted by soaking the cut shoot under controlled conditions such as a growth chamber at approximately 27°C. These results showed that all-season diagnosis of SDV is feasible using samples from young shoots, flower buds, fruits in the summer, stored fruits in the winter, and from samples sprouted from scions during the winter.
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Short Communication
Abstracts of the Papers Presented at the 2014 Annual Meeting
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