All issues
Volume 57 (1991)
- Issue 5 Pages 615-
- Issue 4 Pages 477-
- Issue 3 Pages 285-
- Issue 2 Pages 145-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 57, Issue 3
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Akira YAMAGUCHI1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 285-288
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (561K) -
Koichi ASAGA1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 289-291
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (456K) -
Hitoshi KUNOH1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 292-294
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (493K) -
Nobuaki MATSUYAMA1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 295-297
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (472K) -
Kiyoshi ISHIGURO1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 298
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (170K) -
Hisashi IWAI1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 299
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (170K) -
Yoshiyuki TAKAHASHI1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 300
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (168K) -
Yasusaburo NARITA, Takahito SUZUI1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 301-305
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTake-all of wheat outbreaks habitually in continuous cropping fields and causes the loss of wheat crop. In Hokkaido, however, it has never occurred in the long-term continuous fields for more than 25 years. In the field of this area a ‘sterile dark mycelium’ was frequently isolated from roots of wheat. An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of this fungus on the incidence of take-all. The incorporation of this fungus in the soil infested with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici reduced the infection of takeall fungus to wheat in pot experiments. The fungus forms no spores and its identification has not yet been accomplished.View full abstractDownload PDF (5089K) -
Kazumu KODAMA, Yuko SAGESAKA, Masao GOTO1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 306-311
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn antimicrobial activity of tea polyphenols (catechins) against some plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi was tested. (-) Epicatechin gallate and (-) epigallocatechin gallate showed considerably a high inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, P. solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. (-) Epigallocatechin also showed and moderate growth inhibitory effect against X. campestris pv. citri and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. On the other hand, methylated (-) epigallocatechin gallate had no inhibitory activity against these bacteria, but it specifically inhibited the growth of Pyricularia oryzae. The inoculation tests proved that crude catechins effectively prevented development of bacterial leaf spot of tomato caused by X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and citrus canker of Natsudaidai caused by X. campestris pv. citri. The effectiveness of crude catechins was about the same degree as that of a wettable copper compound (DOITSU BORUDOU-A). These results suggest that tea catechins may be useful to prevent occurrence of some bacterial plant diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Wataru HASAMA1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 312-318
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCorynespora target leaf spot of cucumber caused by Corynespora melonis was found in 1979 and has been one of the important diseases of cucumber in Oita Prefecture. Benzimidazole (BI) fungicides were very effective for control of the disease, but the effectiveness decreased after a few years. Four hundred and nineteen isolates of C. melonis collected from various cucumber fields in Kyushu district were tested on sensitivity to Benomyl and Carbendazim. Among them, 330 isolates were highly-resistant to BI with MIC value higher than 100μg/ml, while the others were very sensitive with MIC value less than 10μg/ml. The isolates whose MIC values are between 10 and 100μg/ml were not found. There were no difference on pathogenicity and morphological characteristics on culture media between BI-resistant and sensitive isolates. These results indicate that the occurrence of BI-resistant strains were due to the utilization of BI fungicides for control of the gray mould since 1973.View full abstractDownload PDF (2003K) -
Wataru HASAMA, Suzumi MORITA, Tokuhiro KATO1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 319-325
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the ‘negatively-correlated cross resistance’ phenomenon between N-phenylcarbamates and benzimidazole fungicides, the mixtures of diethofencarb with either thiophanatemethyl or procymidone were developed to control Botrytis cinerea by Takahashi et al. (1988). Isolates of Corynespora melonis resistant to benzimidazole were more sensitive to diethofencarb on PSA medium than those sensitive to diethofencarb. In both of preventive and curative pot tests, diethofencarb was effective to control Corynespora target leaf spot of cucumber caused by the resistant strains, and the mixtures of diethofencarb with either thiophanatemethyl or procymidone were highly effective in field tests. ‘Negatively-correlated cross resistance’ between benzimidazole and diethofencarb can be used for control of C. melonis, since isolates moderately resistant to benzimidazole and resistant to both of benzimidazole and diethofencarb were not found at all.View full abstractDownload PDF (5178K) -
Satoshi T. OHKI, Kenichiro SHOHARA, Yasunari TAKAMI, Tadao INOUYE1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 326-333
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInduction of a symptom-delaying component (SDC) in tobacco plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was investigated. Two largest leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi seedlings at the 6-8-leaf stage were inoculated with a non-satellite-RNA-containing isolate of CMV-pepo at 100μg/ml and incubated for seven days at 25°C with a 16-hr photoperiod. With a sap-preparation from each leaf directly above the inoculated leaves (LAL) tobacco seedlings were treated and subsequently inoculated with CMV at 10μg/ml four days after the LAL-sap treatment. CMV symptoms were delayed in as many as 40% of the plants which had been treated with non-infectious LAL-sap, indicating that the LAL contained SDC. SDC was detected in the treated leaves at two to eight days after SDC-treatment and appeared to be translocated to the upper leaves at four to eight days in tobacco plants. SDC appeared to delay development of CMV symptoms in cucumber and in tomato. SDC also delayed symptom development of aphid-transmitted CMV in tobacco. In contrast, SDC did not affect local lesion formation on Chenopodium quinoa or Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis by CMV nor symptom development in tobacco by tobacco mosaic virus or potato virus Y. In most of the tobacco plants repeatedly treated with SDC, symptom development of CMV was delayed for 4-20 days under field conditions. Antigenicity was detected intermittently in sap from some LAL by immunodiffusion tests using CMV antiserum. No CMV particles were observed in SDC-containing leaf sap. SDC was inactivated with a RNase A treatment. Gel electrophoresis showed that the corresponding bands with double-stranded RNAs 3 and 4 of CMV were detectable in. SDC-containing sap. However, treatment with single-stranded RNA 3 or RNA 4 failed to delay the development of CMV symptoms in tobacco plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (2345K) -
Ahmed A. MOSA, Kiroku KOBAYASHI, Akira OGOSHI, Masayasu KATO, Norio SA ...1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 334-338
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOospore formation of Phytophthora infestans was induced in potato leaves and stems. Oospores were formed in rare occasions in the leaves, but abundantly in the stems. Oospores were formed only after inoculation with isolates of opposite mating type. The ability of paired isolates to form oospores in host tissues varied among combination of isolates. Oospores were not formed at 10 and 25°C but formed at 15 and 20°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (2183K) -
Tsuneo NAMAI, Tadahiro KATO, Yoshihiro YAMAGUCHI, Jiro TOGASHI1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 339-344
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the role of hydroperoxides of unsaturated fatty acids in the resistant reaction of rice plants to blast infection, cytotoxicity to rice cells and anti-blast activity were examined using hydroperoxide of linolenic acid produced by the action of lipoxygenase. Three kinds of hydroperoxides were identified as a result of in vitro enzyme reaction using the homogenate of blast-infected rice leaves. The mixture of hydroperoxides showed a severe cytotoxicity to rice cells prepared from callus. The damage of rice cells was observed after 20-min incubation with ED50 around 1.0μg/ml. These metabolites also exhibited strong anti-blast activity to all the examined isolates of rice blast fungus. The evidence suggests that lipoxygenase products play an important role in the hypersensitive cell death of rice leaves and also the inhibition of growth of infection hyphae of the fungus at the site of the blast infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1777K) -
Nobuo HAYASHI1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 345-350
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSecondary dissemination of konnyaku bacterial leaf blight was studied. In inoculation tests, symptoms appeared only on the leaflet of konnyaku without regard to the spray or wound inoculation method used. From these results, it seemed that this disease occurred with stomatal and wound infections. The rain drops dripping from diseased leaflets contained the bacteria at so high concentration (105-106cfu/ml). In dissemination tests under the rainfall condition, it was confirmed that the causal bacteria were spread and attacked the konnyaku leaflets at 2.5m from the inoculum source in the maximum velocity of 7.2m/sec and the precipitation of 88.7mm/day. The dissemination of the disease was also certified by the contact with the diseased leaflet. From the results obtained, it was concluded that both the splash dispersal of causal bacteria by the wind and rain and the contact dissemination with the diseased leaflets would be possible ways of secondary dissemination of konnyaku bacterial leaf blight.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
Takashi OKU, Tsuneo TSUCHIZAKI1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 351-356
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pathogenicity of six representative races of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) from Japan to 258 cultivars or lines of wheat and triticale were tested using a detached leaf culture method. Almost all cultivars and lines bred and/or cultured in Japan, were susceptible to all races, with the exception of those related to Sapporoharukomugi. The resistance genes in wheat against races from Japan seem to be Pms. Several cultivars and lines with resistance to all tested mildew races may provide important gene sources of resistance in Japan and elsewhere.View full abstractDownload PDF (598K) -
Akira MORITA1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 357-362
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA loquat orchard with an area of 150m2 planted with sixty-three trees (7×9) of one-year-old healthy loquat in 1975 was used for this experiment during twelve years. First, one loquat plant laid in the center of the orchard was inoculated with a streptomycin-tolerant strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. eriobotryae, the causal bacterium of loquat canker. Thereafter, the spread of the canker disease from the inoculated plant to other plants in the orchard and the seasonal spread of the pathogen into buds, leaves, twigs and other parts of the infected plants were traced under natural condition without controling by pesticides or pruning by secateurs during thirteen years from 1975 to 1987. From one lesion on the loquat inoculated in 1975, 548 lesions developed, and total numbers of lesions on whole parts of all infected loquat trees were 5, 268 in 1987. Especially, lesion numbers increased rapidly during first four years after planting. More than eighty percent of these lesions originated from sprouts in spring and wounded parts injured by harvesting or disbudding. About seventy percent of initial infection lesions was first appeared at sprouts in spring. Initial lesions on young trees, prior to the beginning of harvesting and disbudding developed into typical canker lesions on trunks and primary scaffold branches. Initial lesions on adult trees after the stage of the beginning of harvesting and disbudding also developed from wounded tissue by these works and frequently progressed to lateral branches.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K) -
Naruto FURUYA, Yoshiyuki KUSHIMA, Kenichi TSUCHIYA, Nobuaki MATSUYAMA, ...1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 363-370
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPseudomonas glumae strains showed different antibiotic activities against P. solanacearum depending upon kind of media used. When triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium (TTC medium) was used, all strains of P. glumae formed growth inhibition zones around their colonies on the lawn of P. solanacearum used as indicator. Pre-treatment of the roots of tomato seedlings with the suspension of antibiotic productive strains of P. glumae suppressed the severity of wilt incited by challenge inoculation with P. solanacearum. The disease suppression was positively correlated with length of dipping time and concentration of the bacterial suspension used for pre-treatment. Dipping of the roots of tomato seedlings into the bacterial suspension of ca. 1010cfu/ml for 24hr showed highest suppressiveness. The pre-treatment of tomato roots with non-antibiotic-producing strain or heat-killed cells of P. glumae also showed protection, suggesting that some mechanisms other than antibiotic productivity were involved in the suppression of the disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
Naruto FURUYA, Tomoko OKAMOTO, Yuichi KORI, Nobuaki MATSUYAMA, Satoshi ...1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 371-376
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe treatment of rice seeds with avirulent strains of Pseudomonas glumae significantly suppressed the incidence of bacterial seedling rot of rice caused by virulent strains. The suppression varied depending on the combinations of the avirulent and virulent strains used. The remarkable suppression resulted by the use of high concentration (ca. 1010cfu/ml) of avirulent strains for pre-treatment. The killed cells of avirulent strain of P. glumae or other bacteria belonging to the genus Agrobacterium, Erwinia, Bacillus and Clavibacter tested did not suppress disease incidence. Of five avirulent strains of P. glumae used, avirulent strain N7503 was the highest in the suppression to the disease incited by virulent strains. Avirulent strain N7503 may be useful agent for biocontrol of bacterial seedling rot of rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (655K) -
Carlos Hidemi UESUGI, Kazunori TSUNO, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 377-386
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSErwinia chrysanthemi strains isolated from various hosts were sero logically grouped with three antisera prepared against E. chrysanthemi strains Ku8601 isolated from pear, R8 from rice and 511-3 from corn. The strains isolated from carnation, pear, potato, onion, taro and welsh onion reacted with anti-Ku8601-serum, which were classified as serogroup I. Rice and corn strains respectively reacted with anti-R8 and anti-511-3 sera, showing high specificity which were classified as serogroup II and serogroup III. Membrane proteins of the bacterial strains belonging to each serogroup were separated with SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted on nitrocellulose sheet to determine antigenic proteins. The strains of serogroup I commonly possessed antigenic polypeptides of 38.5 and 5.9kd that were considered to be serogroup-specific antigens. While the strains of serogroup II possessed antigenic polypeptides of 41.7 and 11.2kd and those of serogroup III possessed 41.7, 40.3, 21.4 and 10.2kd, respectively. Close relationship was observed between serological property and host of origin only in rice and corn strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (5359K) -
Hiroshi HAMAMURA, Masami KAWAHARA, Susumu SHIMODA, Masaaki KATAOKA1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 387-393
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium moniliforme) isolates less sensitive with MIC values of 1, 000ppm or higher to triflumizole (trifmine®), an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, had only the weak pathogenicity to rice. Possibility that these triflumizole-less sensitive isolates may acquire the pathogenicity through heterokaryon formation was studied. All nitrate nonutilizing mutants obtained by Puhalla and Correll's methods were as sensitive to triflumizole and carbendazim as the parent wild type. When these mutants were paired, the triflumizole-sensitive isolates obtained from the same geographical area were complementary in most of the cases and formed heterokaryon, but the isolates obtained from different area were not complementary. On the other hand, the triflumizole-less sensitive isolates were frequently complementary even between the isolates obtained from different area, but the less sensitive isolates showed in no case the complementary reaction with the triflumizole-sensitive ones regardless their geographical origin. Similar to the case of triflumizole, the carbendazim-sensitive isolates did not show the complementary reaction with the resistant ones. In addition, the triflumizole-sensitive and less sensitive isolates from the diseased and elongated seedlings were not complementary, and only the sensitive ones caused the elongation of rice seedlings. From these results, it is indicated that the triflumizole-less sensitive isolates can not easily acquire the pathogenicity through heterokaryon formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2385K) -
1991 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 394-463
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (13016K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|