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Volume 42 (1976)
- Issue 5 Pages 517-
- Issue 4 Pages 397-
- Issue 3 Pages 234-
- Issue 2 Pages 117-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 42, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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I. The effect of a soaking of rice seed in dodecyl DL-alaninate hydrochloride on seedling infection by Pyricularia oryzaeYutaka ARIMOTO, Yasuo HOMMA, Norio OHTSU, Tomomasa MISATO1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 397-400
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice seedlings grown from seeds that had been soaked in dodecyl DL-alaninate hydrochloride (AH) solution were found to be resistant to infection by the rice blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae.
1. Number of lesions was fewer on rice seedlings grown from AH-soaked seeds than on seedlings grown from the water-soaked seeds.
2. Resistance to infection increased as concentration of AH was increased up to 500ppm. Concentrations above the optimum caused a decrease in the preventive value of the treatment.
3. Resistance was most effectively induced when seeds were soaked in AH solution for 72 hours.
4. No significant resistance was induced in seedlings for first 20 days under a glasshouse condition. Resistance then increased and the maximum inhibition of disease development was attained at about 30 days. This induced resistance was retained without decrease for 75 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
Fujio ARAKI, Yukio MIYAGI1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 401-406
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsoprothiolane (IPT), diisopropyl 1, 3-dithiolane-2-ylidenemalonate was tested for its effect on vegetative growth and infection process of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Mycelial growth in a glucose-yeast extract liquid medium was inhibited completely at 20ppm, and partially at 10 and 5ppm. Abnormal hyphae like chlamydospore cells were frequently formed in the presence of IPT. IPT at 2ppm did not affect conidial germination and appressorium formation, but almost completely inhibited penetration when treated at the pre-germination stage. Treatment of the fungus with IPT at different stages of the fungal infection process revealed that IPT inhibits penetration and growth of infection hyphae rather than conidial germination and appressorium formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1694K) -
I. Multiplication of the bacteria and histological changes following needle-prick inoculationMeisaku KOIZUMI1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 407-416
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial population in and histological changes of leaf tissues of Citrus natsudaidai, a plant susceptible to citrus canker, were studied after needle-prick inoculation with Xanthomonas citri. Bacteria multiplied soon after inoculation in wounded tissues and intercellular spaces when detached leaves were incubated at 6, 10, 15, 20, and 25C, but not at 40C. When inoculated attached leaves were held in a greenhouse, much of the inoculated bacteria died due to withering of wound tissues in the first 24hr, and then bacterial number increased. During the period of bacterial multiplication, however, intercellular spaces of the parenchyma tissues were not occupied by bacterial masses. After the disappearance of chloroplasts, parenchyma cells hypertrophied 10-11, 4-5, and 2.5 days after inoculation in the leaves incubated at 15, 20, and 25C, respectively. These changes have never been observed at 10C or lower until 72 days and 40C until 6 days. In non-inoculated leaves, enlargement of parenchyma cells also occurred with the same time sequence as that observed in the inoculated leaves, but the extent was much smaller. These hypertrophied cells became to form meristematic tissues. These facts suggest that bacteria prevent the host cell division as wound healing reactions. Bacteria multiplied abundantly after the development of hypertrophy in the infected tissues, and came to fill the space between enlarged cells and to ooze out. A period from inoculation to the bacterial multiplication was influenced only by temperature, but not by inoculum size or host resistance. In more resistant C. junos and C. madurensis, the multiplication after the development of hypertrophy was less than that in moderately resistant plants. In the detached leaves, water -soaked lesions appeared at the same time as the hypertrophic changes occurred. On the contrary, in the attached leaves lesion development delayed 2 or more days and diseased tissues were smaller and less hypertrophied comparing with those of the detached leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (2666K) -
V. Intracellular Hyphae of Gymnosporangium haraeanum Sydow in Cells of Japanese Pear LeavesMitsuru KOHNO, Hiroshi ISHIZAKI, Hitoshi KUNOH1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 417-423
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fine structure of Japanese pear leaves infected with Gymnosporangium haraeanum Sydow was investigated. Sporidia penetrated the cuticle of epidermal cells and formed intracellular hyphae enveloped by poorly-developed, thin layers.
The hyphae elongated towards palisade parenchymatous cells and formed other intracellular hyphae in these cells. Intracellular hyphae in palisade parenchymatous cells were surrounded by thin electron-translucent layers and frequently became multicellular. The intercellular hyphae invaded the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells and formed intracellular hyphae.View full abstractDownload PDF (2350K) -
Atsushi YAMAUCHI, Masashi IMOTO, Tadaaki HIBI, Yasuo KOMURO1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 424-430
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGreenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) was first reported in Japan (at Higashihiroshima) by Nakazawa et al. (1974). The whitefly has been reported to be a vector of beet pseudo-yellows virus or sunflower virus, and a supposed vector of tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV). In this paper we describe the results of experiments on the transmission of TLCV by the whitefly collected at Higashihiroshima. TLCV-infected tobacco plants used as virus source showed leaf symptoms of leaf curl and enation. TLCV could be transmitted by grafting from these tobacco plants to healthy plants of tobacco or tomato. In thin sections of leaves from a tomato plant infected with TLCV by grafting, virus-like spherical particles of about 23-26nm in diameter were found to exist singly and randomly in the cytoplasm of phloem parenchyma cells under an electron microscope. The transmission of TLCV by the whitefly was tested on tobacco or tomato plants. Experiments were made by varying the number of whiteflies used for each transmission, and the period of fasting before feeding, acquisition feeding, and inoculation feeding. The results obtained, however, showed that TLCV could not be transmitted from TLCV-infected plants to healthy plants by the greenhouse whitefly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1827K) -
Norio SATO, Kohei TOMIYAMA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 431-435
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy inoculating cut surface of potato-tubers with an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans, relations between the degree of resistance and time course of rishitin accumulation were studied. In highly resistant tissues, rishitin became detectable earlier after inoculation than in tissues with medium and low levels of resistance, and also the increase in rishitin content was more rapid and reached maximum earlier as the disease development stopped. As a result, the maximum rishitin content was relatively low in the case of highly resistant tissue, as compared with the one with medium resistance. With medium resistance, rishitin began to be chemically detectable later, but the increase was as rapid as with the highly resistant tissue. In this case the rishitin content reached the highest amount as compared with tissues with both high and low resistance. With the tissue with a low level of resistance, on the contrary, the time of onset of rishitin accumulation was late and the increase in rishitin content was slow. These phenomena suggest that rishitin plays an important role in the resistance of potato to late blight.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
Yuko OHASHI, Toru SHIMOMURA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 436-441
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe leakage of cell constituents from tobacco mosaic virus-infected N. glutinosa leaf was determined by the increase in conductivity of the leaf wash or by the loss of 32P from the tissues which had been fed with 32P phosphate.
The leakage occurred with the appearance of visible symptoms and the rate increased with the enlargement of the lesions. Lesions induced by transfering leaves from 30C to 22C, by heat or cold shock treatments of N. glutinosa leaves systemically infected at 30C also caused the leakage just prior to or during the appearance of visible symptoms and its rate usually decreased with the completion of necrotic lesions.
These results suggest that the leakage of cell constituents is an early host response to lesion formation in hypersensitive hosts.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K) -
HIROSHI OKAZAKI1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 442-449
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mycelium of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani produces two types of biologically active-volatile metabolites. The one, inhibitory to the chlamydospore germination, is produced under the lack of available carbon sources. The other metabolites, which counteract the activity of the former, were produced under the presence of 30-100mM of glucose, and these were identified to be ethanol and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography. The inhibition of chlamydospore germination was also counteracted when chlamydospore suspension was exposed to the gas which was released from 0.1mM ethanol solution, or 10mM acetaldehyde solution. The concentration of ethanol produced by glucose-supplied mycelium was enough to counteract the inhibition, but that of acetaldehyde was insufficient. The volatile metabolites produced by glucose-supplied mycelium, ethanol and acetaldehyde, also counteracted the inhibition caused by a volatile inhibitor from soil. The possible mechanism of regulation of chlamydospore germination by parent mycelium is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
Sakari KATO, Tadao MISAWA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 450-455
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA substance, undetectable in uninfected leaves, was isolated from cowpea leaves locally infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). This substance inhibited the formation of local lesions caused by CMV on cowpea leaves and it was identified as traumatic acid, which has been specified as a wound hormone of plants, on the basis of both chemical properties as well as physiological action.View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
Masao GOTO1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 456-463
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe outgrowth tissues induced by Pseudomonas phaseolicola and P. lachrymans were characterized by the striking hypertrophy and the less extent of hyperplasia. A soft rotting pseudomonad, however, produced the outgrowths mainly consisting of hypertrophied cells. Another histopathological characters of the outgrowth tissues were consumption of starch grains. With the initiation of hypertrophy, starch grains became less in number and smaller in size, and then completely depleted with the cell enlargement or cell divisions progressed. Simaltaneously, ß-amylase activity greatly rose in the tissues which were in the earlier stage of the changes, but α-amylase activity did not show any significant rise. In contrast, the amylase activities were markedly reduced in the hypertrophied area. The weight of slices inoculated with plant pathogenic bacteria showed only slight increase by the outgrowth formation compared to that of uninoculated control. Dry weights in the hypertrophied area, however, decreased to about 60% of those in the uninoculated healthy tissues. The loss of dry weight in hypertrophied area seems to be replaced by uptake of water.View full abstractDownload PDF (2447K) -
Tsutomu UEMATSU, Daizaburo YOSHIMURA, Koushi NISHIYAMA, Tadao IBARAGI, ...1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 464-471
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew seedling rot disease was first discovered in Fukushima and Okayama Prefectures in May, 1974 and 1975. The disease occurred on young seedlings grown in nursery box devised for rice transplanter. From these diseased seedlings, several bacterial isolates were obtained among which 7 isolates were found to be most pathogenic. After testing their bacteriological characteristics including physiology, morphology and serology, all 7 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas glumae (Kurita et Tabei) Tominaga. Pseudomonas glumae which is known as the pathogen of bacterial grain rot of rice, sometimes causes browning on rice seedlings. No report has ever described, however, that it causes severe seedling rot symptom on young rice seedlings. It was proposed to call this disease “Bacterial seedling rot of rice.”View full abstractDownload PDF (2126K) -
Sakari KATO, Tadao MISAWA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 472-480
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amount of free radicals in cowpea leaves infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) markedly increased within 8hr following inoculation. When CMV-infected leaves were treated with scavengers to the free radicals, the local lesion formation was markedly inhibited. Malonaldehyde content also increased for 8-15hr after inoculation, but it decreased gradually as lesion appeared. When infected leaves were treated with dibutylhydroxytoluene, an inhibitor against lipoxygenase, the malonaldehyde content was markedly decreased. Gas liquid chromatography of the lipids extracted from infected leaves showed a reduction of unsaturated fatty acids without change in the quantity of saturated fatty acids. These results clearly indicate that lipid peroxidation occurs in the early stage of CMV-infection. Moreover, a loss of electrolytes from infected tissue rapidly occurred about 5hr after inoculation but that from uninfected tissue did not occur during the experimental period. These findings were discussed with particular reference to the hypersensitive reaction in CMV-infected cowpea leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K) -
Takatoshi ONOE, Toshikazu TANI, Nakato NAITO1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 481-488
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrimary leaves of 7-day-old seedlings of three oat cultivars were inoculated with uredospores of two races of Puccinia coronata avenae and were subjected to electron microscopic observations in order to elucidate changes in fine structure during the resistance expression. Shokan 1 responds to race 226 with hypersensitive necrosis and fungal growth ceases 35-40hr after inoculation. Cellular disorganization in mesophyll tissue was found by 28hr after inoculation, subsequent to the invasion of the first haustoria. No decompartmentalization of subcellular organelles could be detected in host cells around the infected sites at least within 20hr after inoculation. This fact supports our previous proposal that in this host-pathogen system the determination of resistance which occurs between 8 and 12hr after inoculation is not triggered by the collapse of host cells. During the prehaustorial stage of infection of Shokan 1 with race 226, the number of Golgi apparatus increased, comparing with that of non-inoculated control, and Golgi vesicles containing an electron dense material (ED), which had never been observed in healthy leaves, became abundant. ED was also observed as a deposite at intercellular space of mesophyll tissues and on inner surface of host cell walls where the host plasma membrane invaginated. Large ED particles free from enclosures were occasionaly observed in the host cytoplasm. Contrary to Shokan 1, in Hyuga-Kairyo-Kuro, resistant to race 226, the fungus continues to grow till 72-96hr after inoculation and no necrotic symptom appears. In this cultivar, the number of Golgi apparatus in mesophyll cells increased after infection, but ED was seldom observed in Golgi vesicles and no deposition of ED occurred. Neither production of ED-containing vesicles nor deposition of ED was observed in leaves of compatible combination, i.e. Shokan 1 and Hyuga-Kairyo-Kuro inoculated with race 203, and Victoria 226-S inoculated with race 226. These observations strongly indicate that production and excretion of ED are characteristic of Shokan 1 responding hypersensitively to race 226, though causal linkage of these events with the resistance expression has not yet been made clear.View full abstractDownload PDF (2353K) -
Fujio KODAMA, Izumi SAITO, Makoto TAKAKUWA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 489-490
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (283K) -
Kazuo ABIKO1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 491-493
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough the causal fungus of carrot powdery mildew was at first recorded by T. Sinsu in 1968, its taxonomical position had not been determined. In this communication, the fungus was identified as Erysiphe heraclei DC.View full abstractDownload PDF (830K) -
Shigemitsu TORIYAMA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 494-496
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (304K) -
II. Racial Identification of Isolates Collected from 11 Prefectures in Japan from 1971 to 1973Kunihei KISHI, Kazuo ABIKO1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 497-499
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSixty isolates of Cladosporium fulvum, collected from eleven prefectures in Japan, were identified as race 0 (48 isolates) and race 1 (12 isolates), according to Day's system. Additionally, seven isolates of race 0 and six isolates of race 1 were classified into three pathogenic types on the basis of their pathogenicity to Japanese resistant varieties of tomato, Okitu No.8, Kyoryoku goko and Shiko No.471.View full abstractDownload PDF (828K) -
Hiroshi KAMIUNTEN, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 500-503
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCoryneform bacteria (1.10-3.20×0.18-0.32μm in size) were constantly observed by electron microscopy in nodal xylem of the ratoon stunting diseased sugarcanes collected from Nansei Islands, Japan. Ultrathin sectioned specimens of the diseased plants showed that the bacteria surrounded by the fibrillar material or homogeneous matrix were often distorted morphologically.
The bacteria multiplied more rapidly in the stem tissue of sorghum or corn than in that of sugarcane when inoculated.View full abstractDownload PDF (2171K) -
Nobumichi SAKO, Mitsuyuki NOMURA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 504-506
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPseudomonas eriobotryae phage (EP1) was precipitated from crude phage suspension by addition of 8% polyethylene glycol 6, 000 and 0.5M NaCl. The concentrated phage suspension was then purified by differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The antisera from rabbits immunized with the purified phage showed a titer of 1/2, 048 by a precipitin test.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
Hajime KATO, Tomio YAMAGUCHI, Natsuki NISHIHARA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 507-510
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Hiroshi YAEGASHI, Natsuki NISHIHARA1976 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 511-515
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1751K)
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