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Volume 38 (1972)
- Issue 5 Pages 363-
- Issue 4 Pages 267-
- Issue 3 Pages 165-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 5
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Mikio NOZU, Masaki YAMAMOTO1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 363-366_4
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUltra-thin sections of the hypertrophied leaf-tissue of Symplocos lucida Sieb. et Zucc. infected with Exobasidium symploci-japonicae Kusano et Tokub. were investigated by means of an electron-microscorpe. In the hypertrophied tissue, pathogens were recognized in inter-cellular spaces (Figs. 5, 6, 7), middle lamella (Figs. 1, 2, 4) Cell wall and cell membrane was invaginated (Fig. 3) but pathogen was not observed in the suscept cell. As shown Figs. 2 and 4, lomasome like structures were observed in the hyphal cell but other organelles were not found in the fine hypha.
The writers considered that hypertrophy of Symplocos lucida occurred earlier than the invagination of the suscept cell wall by the pathogen. Hypertrophied cell had a large vacuole (V) and thin peripheral layer of cytoplasm. Sometimes, high electrondense material was recognized in the vacuole of the hypertrophied cell (Fig. 7). Plasmolysis was not observed in the suscept cell. Lamellar structures, osmiophilic granules and starch grains were found but grana structures were not developed in the chloroplasts of the hypertrophied cell (Figs. 8, 9, 10). Occasionally, nucleus had two nucleoli (Fig. 6).View full abstractDownload PDF (3250K) -
Izumi SAITO, Osamu TAMURA, Makoto TAKAKUWA1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 367-374
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo types of ascospore liberation from perithecia of Valsa ceratosperma were demonstrated by field and laboratory experiments.
When the dry barks of cankered apple tree bearing perithecial stromata were kept in a moist chamber, no ascospore was discharged. During the prolonged incubation, asci were pushed up through the perithecial neck, and they continued to crowd out of the ostiole, accumulated in a ball without ejecting the ascospores. The ascus balls were also found on the perithecial stromata of cankered apple trees in orchard indicating their dispersal by rainfall. Gutter-trap experiments on the selected, cankered trees showed that the rainwater flowing down stromatal areas contained many ascospores and asci. In early spring when this experiment was started, this type of dispersal had attained its measurable level, and it was maintained for about four months.It was found that water saturation of the barks was needed to initiate ascospore discharge. After initiation, the discharge continued for several hours. In the course of this, the free-water supply to the bark surfaces at given times temporarily enhanced the rate of discharge. This type of dispersal in orchard was studied by a slide-trap method. It was found that the duration of the air-borne dispersal was quite identical with that of the water-borne dispersal.
Temperature, between 10 and 25°C, did not affect discharge. At 3°C, however, the initiation was delayed, and low but fairly constant rate of discharge was maintained.
The maximum distance of discharge from the stromata held at 4mm in height on the slide glass was 6.3mm and the average was 2.8mm. Lifting the specimen to 10mm in height resulted in only a few extention of the maximum and the average distance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1561K) -
Alteration of content of carbohydrates, nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds in the diseased leavesTadao MISAWA, Eiichiro MIYAZAKI1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 375-380
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlteration of content of carbohydrates, nitrogenous and phosphorous compounds in rice plant leaves infected by Xanthomonas oryzae was investigated.
1. In the inoculated leaves, contents of reducing and unreducing sugar slightly increased at the early stage of the infection. Moreover crude starch content increased, while total carbohydrate and hemicellulose-carbohydrate content decreased by the infection.
2. High accumulation of free ammonia, low contents of water soluble protein and water insoluble protein-nitrogen were characteristic of the inoculated leaves. With the progress of the disease, total nitrogen content decreased gradually. According to the results of molecular weight classification of water soluble protein, the contents of high molecular weight protein, especially “fraction I protein”, decreased and low molecular weight protein increased by the infection.
3. At the early stage of the infection, increases of acid soluble phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus contents were observed respectively. During the all experimental periods, there were high contents of total phosphorus and insoluble phosphorus in the inoculated leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K) -
1. Studies on the morphogenesis of crown gall: Observation on the differentiation of polarityRyoichi NISHIZAWA1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 381-388_3
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with the morphogenesis of crown gall, with special regard to the differentiation of polarity.
The outer morphology of the gall expressed various shapes by the autonomous cell proliferation. The shape and external apperance of the gall was more or less specific for the kind of host plants and the rate of daily growth reached to ca. 0.046mm on the average. The number of bulges on the surface of a gall correlated with its inner whirling structure. It has been stated that crown galls have no polarity, because of the autonomous and non-directed proliferation. However, the present observation showed that the polarity existed especially in Bryophyllum daigremontianum. Root differentiation of the gall formed in the lower part of a stem was more remarkable than that in the upper part, whereas just reverse was the case in leaf differentiation. Inspite of their morphological resemblance, some of the galls differentiated normal leaves and others showed a striking malformation of leaves. This seemed to be due to the concentration gradient of growth regulators, such as IAA. kinetin, and others.
For testing the reality of the polarity, grafting and tissue culture were tried. In split-grafting of leafy gall, transplanted pieces withered gradually with the lapse of days.
When an inner side of the stock which was in contact with the transplanted piece bulged, both sides of the wedge-shaped stock turned upset toward outside, as seen in the hormonal action in the tomato test.
In split-grafting of tissue culture, transferred tumor arose at a lower part of the stock, and later roots commenced to differentiate. When a stem of Bryophyllum bearing a gall from which rootlets grow at its lower part was cut in a definite length and planted upside-down on the medium, older rootlets soon withered away and new ones were produced from an upper part of the gall. This seems to indicate the presence of root pole in a lower region of the gall. A piece of gall in tissue culture was put into budding from the upper part, While a massive root-hair-like tissue was often produced from the lower part of the gall.
This may show the polarity of crown gall. From these results, the differentiation of the gall is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3309K) -
Effect of Ultraviolet Light-irradiated Tobacco Mosaic VirusIsao AKETA, Shigeyasu AKAI1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 389-396
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInterference between two strains of tobacco mosaic virus-ordinary strain (TMV OM) and necrotic strain (TMV Nl)-was investigated. The number of local lesions caused by TMV OM or by TMV Nl on the leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. Hirasaya Shakugosun) decreased by addition of 1) ultraviolet light-irradiated TMV OM (UV TMV OM), 2) TMV OM protein or of 3) UV TMV Nl.
The mixture which was composed of TMV OM and UV TMV OM showed the same sedimentation pattern as that of TMV OM or UV TMV OM alone. When the mixture composed of TMV OM and concentrated UV TMV OM was inoculated, the number of local lesions was greatly reduced. However, after dilutions of the mixture, infectivity of TMV OM recovered to some extent. Similar recovery of infectivity after dilutions also appeared in interference between TMV Nl and UV TMV OM.
Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (cv. Bright Yellow), on which TMV Nl induces local lesions but TMV OM does not, produced decreased number of local lesions when TMV OM was mixed with TMV Nl inoculum. A lesser amount of TMV OM was also detected in Bright Yellow inoculated with the mixture of UV TMV OM and TMV OM than in the plant inoculated with TMV OM alone. Ultraviolet light irradiation of TMV OM before mixing lowered the rate of inhibition of lesion production. Low doses of ultraviolet light irradiation resulted in a decrease of the inhibition depending on the time exposed to ultraviolet light. With high doses, the rate of inhibition by irradiated TMV OM was lowered but not completely, being independent of the time exposed to ultraviolet light where the infectivity of TMV OM had been already lost.
On the leaves of Bright Yellow, proteinous moiety of TMV OM inhibited local lesion production by TMV Nl, but did not diminish the interfering level even after exposure to ultraviolet light. Similar results were obtained using Hirasaya Shakugosun as the test plant.
From these results the mechanism of inhibition of TMV infectivity by UV TMV is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
Tadataka KINOSHITA, Yumiko RENBUTSU, Islam D. KHAN, Keisuke KOHMOTO, S ...1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 397-404
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTenuazonic acid which was reported hitherto from Alternaria tenuis and A. longipes has now also been found in A. kikuchiana and A. mali, during our investigations on the host-specific toxins in their culture filtrates. However, further investigation on the 19 different isolates of A. kikuchiana has revealed that tenuazonic acid was produced not in all isolates used, but in only 6 isolates. A similar investigation on A. mali showed that its productivity was in different proportions with the isolates. All virulent isolates of both the Alternaria spp. are well-known to produce a host-specific toxic filtrate, in which so-called host-specific toxin is contained. Tenuazonic acid was fairly toxic to young leaves of Japanese pear and apple which are host plants of both the fungi respectively, but not involved in a host specificity of culture filtrates, because both the resistant and susceptible cultivars of each plants were equally sensitive to tenuazonic acid. Among the isolates used, however, tenuazonic acid production was frequently found to be in harmony with that of host-specific toxin in culture filtrate. Screening of 185 isolates, belonging to several species of Alternaria, for tenuazonic acid production revealed its widespread occurrence in this genus. Results suggesting tenuazonic acid as a characteristic metabolite and not a pathogen toxin are also discussed in relation to chemotaxonomical interest.View full abstractDownload PDF (675K) -
Yasuji ASADA, Isao MATSUMOTO, Tetsuji TASHIRO1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 405-409
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuinic, prephenic, phenylpyruvic, trans-cinnamic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids were identified by gas-liquid chromatography in the root extract of Japanese radish infected by Peronospora parasitica. Ferulic and sinapic acids were not detected. These phenolic acids detected did not originate from the infecting hyphae but from the host cells. These phenolic acids were not detected in the healthy root. Since the phenolic acids are considered to be precursors of lignin, the relationship between the phenolic acids detected and lignin formation in the infected plants was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (494K) -
Yasushi TAKAGI, Masato IKEGAMI1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 410-413
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amount of survival 32P-labeled tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), 6×104cpm per mg of TMV, was decreased exponentially with time and it became about 1/8 of original amout after 28 days storage. However, no reduction in amount of survival virus was noted when unlabeled TMV was mixed with 32P-orthophosphate, 6×104cpm per mg of TMV. In despite of loss in infectivity, no destruction of virus perticles could be seen in electron microscopic observation of 32P-labeled TMV after 28 days storage. The results suggest that the loss of infectivity of 32P-labeled TMV is due to transmutation (32P→32S) of the isotope incorporated in the virus particles, and not due to 32P β-radiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (330K) -
I. Floating on the water surface of sclerotiumTeruyoshi HASHIBA, Tomio YAMAGUCHI, Shizuo MOGI1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 414-425
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sclerotia of Pellicularia sasakii produced on rice plants at an early stage of development sink under water after dropping from the rice plants, but float on water surface with maturing within one month after formation. Experiments were carried out for elucidating the floating structure of natural and cultured sclerotia (PDA).
The structure of floating sclerotia has two distinct layers, inner and outer layers. The inner layer consists of mass of living cells and the outer layer of empty cells. The width of the outer layer is over 200μm. The outer layer of sinking sclerotia is narrow with less than 150μm and surrounded by hyphal cells. All sclerotia of this size sink under water but they float slightly with aging. The floated sclerotia has a wider outer layer and do not have a layer of hyphal cells. On the other hand, the outer layer of cultured sclerotia is narrower, and can not float on the water surface. On the part of the outer layer, the hyphal cells can be clearly seen.
From these results, it is concluded that the floating on the water surface of the sclerotium is associated closely with the structure of the outer layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (3072K) -
Kaoru OHMORI1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 426-427
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (179K) -
Toshikazu TANI, Nakato NAITO, Takatoshi ONOE1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 428-430
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (217K) -
Makoto KOJIMA, Daiki MURAYAMA1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 431-433
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (595K) -
Katsuichi KANZAWA, Tadao UI1972 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 434-435
Published: December 01, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (880K)
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