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Volume 21 (1956)
- Issue 4 Pages 151-
- Issue 2-3 Pages 49-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 21, Issue 2-3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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II. Translocation of streptomycin in Plant Body and Control of Bacterial Diseases by the Surface AbsorptionZyun HIDAKA, Hisatomi MURANO1956 Volume 21 Issue 2-3 Pages 49-53
Published: November 30, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStreptomycin would be diluted in the course of growth of the developing leaf but it remained over 5 weeks in the fully developed leaf. When applied to the stem, it moved to the phloem and pith, reaching to the next leaf above the place of absorption, and later proceeded gradually to the upper leaves. It could not be traced in the xylem. It could not traverse the midrib and move from one longitudinal half to the other, neither did it move from the basal to the apical part of the leaf or vice versa.
When inoculation with Pseudomonas tabaci was carried out one day after spraying the leaves with 220, 110 and 73mcg/ml water solutions of streptomycin, the disease was found to be under complete control even 10 days after inoculation. A concentration of about 110mcg/ml can be recommended. The yellow halo around the spots of infection will turn green when sprayed with such a solution. In the case of Ps. solanacearum, 5 days after inoculation the pathogenic organism was present due to the dilution of streptomycin in the tissue, which should be controlled by making the repeated spraying.View full abstractDownload PDF (3838K) -
IV. On the movements of cytoplasm of the host cell induced by the invasion of Phytophthora infestansKohei TOMIYAMA1956 Volume 21 Issue 2-3 Pages 54-62
Published: November 30, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Using living midrib cells of plants, the writer made microscopical observations on the protoplasmic changes induced by the infection of Phytophthora infestans.
2. In the highly resistant variety, acceleration of the appearance of protoplasmic strands, the migration of the nucleus towards the infected part, and the rhythmic movement of the nucleus around the infected part were observed in the early stage of penetration of P. infestans. These activated visible movements in the infected cell may possibly be due to the enhanced motive force of the protoplasmic streaming in that cell. This acceleration of protoplasmic movement in the infected cell was more remarkable in the resistant variety than in the susceptible one.
3. The number of protoplasmic strands in which the particles flow towards infected part is remarkably greater than that of the strands in which the particles flow in the opposite direction. So it seems that the motive force of the protoplasmic streaming is stronger in the direction towards the site of infection than in the contrary direction. The migration of the nucleus towards the site of infection may be resulted from this polarity of the motive force in the infected cell.
4. It is presumed that the enhanced motive force in the infected cell of the resistant variety may be concerned with the increased energy metabolism in the infected tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (2374K) -
Masaki YAMAMOTO, Masao OZOE1956 Volume 21 Issue 2-3 Pages 63-67
Published: November 30, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the results of experiments and observations as to the pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans which has changed after having passed through the potato varieties different in their pathogenicity.
1. A series of examinations was given to the tubers of 14 potato varieties in order to decide their susceptibility against the late-blight fungus. Consulting the results of these examinations, 42044-15 (Hybrid between Solanum demissum and S. tuberosum) and Danshakuimo (Irish Cobbler) were chosen as resistant and as susceptible varieties in the following experiments.
2. The late-blight fungus which had passed through the susceptible variety was proved to be more virulent than that which had grown on resistant variety.
3. The pathogenic fungus proved to be unstable in its infectivity even after having passed through the same variety three times in succession.
4. The pathogenicity of the fungus solely depends upon the kind of variety through which it passed finally.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
(1) Essential vitamines, minor elements and suitable synthetic media of Cochliobolus miyabeanusYasuji ASADA1956 Volume 21 Issue 2-3 Pages 68-70
Published: November 30, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCochliobolus miyabeanus, the causal fungus of Helminthosporium blight of rice plant, is not grown in Richard's synthetic medium prepared with the purified minerals, and addition of Biotin, Thiamin, Fe, Mn and Zn to the medium are necessary for the growth of this fungus. From this fact, the constituent of the synthetic medium for this fungus is shown in Table 5.View full abstractDownload PDF (407K) -
Kiichi KATSURA, Kenshi HARADA, Michio MURAKAMI1956 Volume 21 Issue 2-3 Pages 71-73
Published: November 30, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExaminations of living zoospores of Phytophthora capsici with the phase contrast microscope reveal a small spherical body on many of the flagella. Before the zoospores emerge from the sporangia, they have two flagella already. Immediately after the zoospores emerge from sporangia, they move about rapidly and no small spherical bodies are visible on the flagella. One of the flagella swings severely foreward and the other slowly afterward. Later, as the zoospores begin to swim more slowly, a small spherical body appears on the middle part of the flagella. The flagella suddenly fold in two at the point of the spherical body and take an appearance of earpick shape. The flagella seem to wither completely or remain earpick-like. The zoospores stop their movement and the flagella, now being only spherical bodies or earpick-like structures, become detached and float away. Some different ways on transformations of flagella were observed in these examinations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1432K) -
Nakato NAITO, Toshikazu TANI1956 Volume 21 Issue 2-3 Pages 74-78
Published: November 30, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Gloeosporium olivarum Alm., the causal fungus of the olive anthracnose, was grown in the presence of a range of concentrations of five chemicals, 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4, 5-T), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (M.C.P.), isopropyl-n-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (I.P.C.), pentachlorophenol (P.C.P.) and potassium α-naphthaleneacetate (NAK). The growth curve of the pathogen cultured for 15-17 days at about 25°C on agar media containing either 2, 4, 5-T or M.C.P. was found to be the type of “logarithmic curve” (convex upwards), indicating that the growth rate progressively decreases with the progress of culture. On the contrary, the growth curve on those supplied with other chemicals resulted in the type of “exponential curve” (concave upwards), the growth rate increasing with the duration of culture. The growth curve on control media without chemicals proved to be linear. In liquid media supplied with either 2, 4, 5-T or M.C.P., the growth ceases in course of culture notwithstanding the onset of autolysis owing to the exhaustion of nutrients seems unlikely, while in those with or without NAK the growth does not cease before the onset of autolysis.
2) When the culture filtrate of this fungus grown in liquid media containing either 2, 4, 5-T or M.C.P. was acidified to pH 2.5 with H2SO4 and then shaken with ether and NaOH solution, an antibiotic substance was partly isolated as a yellowish oil after the evaporation of ether. The relative titer of the antibiotic calculated by bioassay increased in proportion to the length of culture and the concentration used.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
III. Comparison with three testing methods in the laboratoryKazuo FUKUNAGA, Tomomasa MISATO, Itaru ISHII, Masaru ASAKAWA1956 Volume 21 Issue 2-3 Pages 79-84
Published: November 30, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to apply antibiotics as agricultural chemicals, the establishment of the testing methods for their antifungal activities in the laboratory seems to be most important. In this paper, three methods of the agar streak dilution method, the paper disk diffusion methods and the spore germination test on the slide glass were compared. As the test organisms, Piricularia Oryzae, Ophiobolus Miyabeanus, Macrosporium bataticola, Alternaria Kikuchiana, Sclerotinia Mali, Penicillium Q 176 and Aspergillus niger were used. As the test antibiotics, Antipiriculin A (Antimycin A), Aureothricin, Eurocidin and Trichomycin were used, and phenyl mercuric acetate was employed as the control. A definite quantitative relation between the antifungal activities obtained by the three testing methods could not be found. The results obtained by three testing methods gave the different antifungal activities by each organism, and the relation between three methods was different by each antibiotic. But, generally, the concentration required to decide the antifungal activity of each antibiotic was lowest in the agar streak dilution method, and the next in the spore germination test, and highest in the paper disk diffusion method. Among these antibiotics there was no one which showed higher activity than phenyl mercuric acetate, but Aureothricin and Trichomycin were better than the others.View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
1956 Volume 21 Issue 2-3 Pages 97-147
Published: November 30, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (9722K)
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