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Volume 17, Issue 11
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Takehisa AKIYAMA, Katsutoshi MAEDA, Daizo USHIBA1962 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 867-872
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was observed, in the previous report, that when a certain number of virulent organisms of Salmonella enteritidis were challenged intraperitoneally into mice passively immunized with anti-O serum, a rapid clearance of bacteria occured which seemed to be caused by phagocytosis in the peritoneal cavity. Further detailed conditions for the local clearance phenomenon were investigated with the following results.
1. When the immune mice were challenged intraperitoneally with a large number of more than 5×10-1mg Salmonella enteritidis, the clearance phenomenon was not recognized.
2. An intraperitoneal inoculation of 5×10-1mg heat-killed bacteria of either hemologous species before challenge of the immune mice led to an abrupt reduction in the number of local phagocytes followed by a cessation of the clearance phenomenon.
3. When a total body x-irradiation of 600 r was given to the immune mice 4 days before challenge, the clearance in the peritoneal cavity was considerably impaired. The degree of this depression of clearance was wellcorrelated with the decrease in the number of local phagocytic cells.
4. A preadministration to the immune mice of endotoxins derived from several species of gram-negative bacteria also reduced the activity of clearance. In this case the reduction of activity was, apparently, caused by an impaired function of phagocytes, since the decrease in the number of cells was not remarkable as in the case of x-irradiation.
5. A temporary absorption of local complement following an intraperitoneal administration of an overwhelming dosis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes caused a marked depression of the clearance phenomenon.
This result would indicate that the presence of complement, together with phagocytic cells and antibodies, was perhaps necessary for the completion of the clearance phenomenon.View full abstractDownload PDF (1079K) -
Transduction of transmissible drug-resistance (R) factor with phage epsilonMitsuo KAMEDA1962 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 873-885
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTransmissible drug-resistance (R) factor was transduced in the system of SalmonellaE group with phage epsilon, and its transduction rate was 10-8.
The transduction rate of R factor with epsilon phage that had existed as prophage in R+host cell and was induced by UV irradiation increased about 102 times than that of ordinary transduction.
The R factor carrying TC resistance marker was consistently segregated by transduction with epsilon phage.
The R+transductant was not lysogeniged by transducing epsilon phage, indicating non-lysogenic conversion and non-immunity toward the transducing epsilon phage.
The R factor of transductant was non-transmissible by conjugation and not eliminated by acriflavine treatment. But the R factor of transductant was transduced again by epsilon phage that had existed as prophage in R+transductant or that was newly infected to R+transductant.
The R factor of R+transductant of S. chittagongwas transmissible by conjugation at 106times lower frequency than that of R factor that was transferred by conjugation, and was eliminated by acriflavine treatment in low frequency.
In transduction of R factor R+ transductant with the same epsilon phage that had transduced high frequency transductant (HFT) was obtained and its transduction rate was 10-2.
The transmission of R factor to R+transductant was higher than that to R-or R+cell to which R factor was transmitted by conjugation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2294K) -
Observations on Survival Days of Mice of NC, KK, CF#1 and CFW Strains Infected with Bovine Tubercle BacilliShiro SOMEYA, Osamu HAYASHI, Kenjiro KOYAMA1962 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 886-890
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present studies are concerned to the observations on the relationship of strain, sex and age to the susceptibility of mice of NC, KK, CF#1 and CFW strains to tuberculous infection.
All mice of NC, KK, CF#1 and CFW strains used in these experiments were obtained from Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo University, and Central Laboratories for Experimental Animals.
Mice of each group were infected by intravenous inoculation with doses of Tween-albumin cultures of bovine tubercle bacilli (TC 50) which varied between about 106-108 viable units suspended in 0.3 ml of bacterial suspension. Following infection the survival days of mice of each group were observation and death rates at different times of observation period were calculated. These rates were plotted graphically on semilogarithmic probability papers.
Following results were obtained.
(1) CFW strain mice survived for longer period than NC strain mice.
(2) Mice of KK and NC strains died more rapidly and in a more uniform manner than CF#1 strain mice.
(3) The older mice of each strain showed the more marked decrease in survival days than the younger mice.
(4) Female mice of NC, KK and CF#1 strains were found to be more susceptible to infection with bovine tubercle bacilli during the age of 5-9 weeks than the male mice of the same strains.
From these findings it will be concluded that mice of NC and KK strains have high susceptibility and uniform response to infection with tubercle bacilli.View full abstractDownload PDF (770K) -
Noboru KASHIWAGI1962 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 891-898
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFate of the staphylococci that had been phagocytized by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro, were investigated and it was found that there existed quite a different attitude between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Following the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus epidermidis by leucocytes, the viability of the cocci seemed to have been immediately influenced and most of them (98%) were found to be uncultivable within 24 hours. Morphological changes of the parasites such as swelling and difficulty in staining, occurred simultaneously without any noticeable damage on the part of the host cells (vital staining with trypan blue).
On the other hand, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, the cocci showed hardly any change in terms of morphology, lasting 24 hours or longer. Most of them seemed to remain viable, which was demonstrated by cultivation. The parasites, however, had a mild influence to the cells. Consequently, there seemed to be a sort of balance maintained between the cocci and the human leucocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (4349K) -
Gosaku MORINAGA, Jun YOSHIZAWA1962 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 899-902
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the heat resistance of Cl. welchii isolated from the human faeces and the soil, the following experimental results have been obtained.
(1) About 60-80% of Cl welchii isolated from the faeces is resistant to the heat treatment of 100°C for 1 hour.
(2) The resistance of Cl. welchii isolated from the farm soil dressed with the faeces varies according to the number of years passed after dressing. Within one year, about 80-100% Cl. welchii was resistant to the heat condition mentioned in, while the percentage decreased to 10-30% in several years. After 10 years, just like in the case of non dressed soil, resistant Cl. welchii was hardly detected from the dressed soil, though about 30-80% it was resistant to 80°C for 10 minutes.
(3) When the soil sterilized under the 120°C for 20 minutes was mixed with the faeces and kept about one year at the room temperature, the limit of the resistance of Cl. welchii decreased, in about oneyear, to 80°C for 10 minutes -100°C for 20 minutes.
(4) The colony of Cl. welchii turn green in 3 hours at 37°C with the supply of oxygen, but it never turn green at the temperatures below 10°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K) -
1962 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 903-916
Published: November 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2501K)
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