化学工場において脊圧タービンで発電し,その排汽を加熱用に使用するときに,電気と蒸汽の価格を決める方法を種々の観点から考察してその長短を述べ,簡単な実例をもって示した。この問題は種々の経済的要素も加わるので熱力学的に最も正しい値を一義的に決定することはできないが,電気専用の復水タービン,あるいは蒸汽専用の低圧ボイラを想定して電気あるいは蒸汽に還元して考えるのは比較的よい方法と思われる.

抄録全体を表示

Removal of aerosol in the air are difficult and effective methods are not yet found except the one with the cottrell. Whereupon we have been investigating another method with the froth-tower of surface active agents (surfactants).
The experimental apparatus is shown in Fig. 1; the air passed respectively through NH₄OH aq. and HCl aq. was combined into NH₄Cl-aerosol, which then was sent to the collection tower.
The bottom of the tower was filled with the surfactant solution which, by means of NH₄Cl-aerosol and air through the distributor as shown in Fig. 2 were bubbled. The froths containing aerosol and air thus formed were blown up closed packing in the tower which caused the aerosol particles to collide and be captured on the inner surface of froths.
After leaving the collection tower, the froths underwent defoamation on the surface of the antifoaming agent, iso-amyl alcohol, and the surfactant solution was separated from the air and returned to the bottom of the receiver so as to be used again.
The concentration of aerosol (relative) was measured with the photometer shown in Fig. 3 and 4. The size of the collection tower, the concentration of the surfactant solution, etc. are given in Table 1 and 2.
The experimental results obtained were:-
1) By this method the aerosol, such as NH₄Cl, fuming sulphuric acid, smoke of cigarette etc. were easily removed.
2) The collection efficiency, (c0-c/c0)·100 were influenced by the conc. of aerosol, dia. of froths, and the kinds and conc. of surfactants. as well as by the number of times they were used.
When such factors were fixed the collection efficiencies were proportional to the contact time. The results are shown in Fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8.
3) The equations for collection rate were obtained from the analysis of the experimental results and shown in Fig. 10 and 11. The values on n and ka' are given in Table 5, and ka' is proportional to the specific surfce area of a froth.
4) Since n is nearly equal to 1, the equation for collection rate may be assumed to be a pseudo 1st-order equation and so ka will be conveniently calculated from the curve of shown in Fig. 12.

抄録全体を表示

Viscosity formulae for gases at critical temperature and atmospheric pressure are introduced in this paper. For the gases φ>3.9 and t_c<190°C, the constats K in formula (5) are larger than 5.0. (the only exceptional case is for HCl). This may be called "association effect." H₂O vapor (φ>3.9, t_c>190°C) also exhibits association effect. For the gases, t_c>190°C., the constants K in formula (3) are smaller than 4.65. This may be called "t_c effect."
The viscosity formulae α, β and γ were applied, as shown in Table 2.
In many cases, the errors of these formulae, α, β and γ are respectively below 3%, 2% and 5% (Table 3).
μ_c^* were also calculated by Licht-Stechert's formula, Hirschfelder's formula and Uyehara-Watson method. (Table 4).
Licht-Stechert's formula gave big errors for gases which exhibit association effect and for organic gases, t_c of which >190°C.
Hirschfelder's formula could not be applied to the gases which exhibit association effect and to the organic gases, t_c of which >130°C.
Uyehara-Watson method was in-applicable to organic gases, t_c of which >130°C.

抄録全体を表示

Experiments on the steam ejector for lifting unsaturated water were made.
(1) Tests were performed for selecting the nozzle diffuser distance for the best performance.
(2) The momentum theory was not useful for the analysis of actions of these steam ejectors for lifting unsaturated water.
The authors had to use the apparent steam jet velocity in the momentum equation instead of the real steam velocity.
The apparent steam jet velocity may be 1-6% of the real steam let velocity.

抄録全体を表示

原報文“竪型管式反応装置の研究(第2報)-垂直管内における気液混相流の流動状態,Hold-upおよび圧損失について-[化学工学17, 6, 216～23(1953)]”に関連した実際例がないので,ここでは実験条件に近い一例について,実験弐の使い方,実測値と計算値との関係について述べる。

抄録全体を表示