巻号一覧
207 巻 (2005)
- 4 号 p. 243-
- 3 号 p. 181-
- 2 号 p. 87-
- 1 号 p. 1-
207 巻, 1 号
September
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Letters to the Editor
-
Hulusi Kececi2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 1-2
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (136K)
Invited Review
-
Takashi Ohrui2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 3-12
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーPneumonia is the fourth leading cause of death despite the availability of potent new antimicrobials in Japan. Aspiration of oropharyngeal bacterial pathogens to the lower respiratory tract is one of the most important risk factors for pneumonia. Impairments in swallowing and cough reflexes among disabled older persons, e.g., related to cerebrovascular disease, increase the risk of pneumonia. Thus, strategies to reduce the volumes and pathogenicity of aspirated material should be pursued. Since both swallowing and cough reflexes are mediated by endogenous substance P contained in the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves, pharmacologic therapy using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which decrease substance P catabolism, can improve both reflexes and result in the lowering of the risk of pneumonia. Similarly, since the production of substance P is regulated by dopaminergic neurons in the cerebral basal ganglia, treatment with dopamine analogs or potentiating drugs such as amantadine can reduce the incidence of pneumonia. Furthermore, since mortality from infections correlates with cutaneous anergy, interventions that reverse these age-associated changes in the immune system are also effective. The main theme of this review is to discuss how pneumonia develops in disabled older people and to suggest preventive strategies that may reduce the incidence of pneumonia among these subjects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (331K)
Regular Contributions
-
Sachiko Watanabe, Namiko Suzuki, Atsuko Kudo, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Sachiko ...2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 13-19
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーWe assessed the influence of aging on cardiac function by means of parameters measured by echocardiography. The study group consisted of 494 normal subjects aged 13 to 87 years. We measured the ratio of early filling (E) and atrial contraction (A) transmitral flow velocities (E/A) of left and right ventricular inflow (LV E/A and RV E/A) for assessment of diastolic function. We also measured left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the ratio of pre-ejection period (PEP) and ejection time (ET) of the left ventricle (PEP/ET) for assessment of systolic function. Both LV E/A and RV E/A decreased significantly with aging while LVEF and PEP/ET remained normal range. The decline rate as aging was greater in LV E/A than in RV E/A. These results showed that both left and right ventricular diastolic function deteriorated with aging while left ventricular systolic function was not noticeably affected by aging. We suggest that indexes of diastolic function are more sensitive than those of systolic function when the natural course is studied in a large population.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (634K) -
Manabu Ichinohe, Reizo Mita, Kazuko Saito, Hideichi Shinkawa, Shigeyuk ...2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 21-32
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーWe surveyed the prevalence of obesity in the general population in Jamaica, and examined the relationship between it and lifestyle. The survey population consisted of 1,935 inhabitants in Jamaica, whose body weight, height, marital status, educational history, employment status and other obesity-associated lifestyle factors were surveyed. Six major findings emerged. The first finding is that the proportion of obesity in women was very high, and there was a big gender difference. Secondly, a lower prevalence towards obesity was associated with cohabitation of the subjects in both genders, and higher educational levels in female subjects. Thirdly, the proportion of the subjects who considered their weight to be quite acceptable was higher in the obese/overweight groups in both genders. Fourthly, exercise frequency showed a negative correlation with the body mass index (BMI) in men, and the frequency of exercising was apparently lower in women than in men. Fifthly, as for dietary factors, in both genders vegetables showed a negative correlation with the BMI. Sixthly, non-smokers were also associated with a lower obesity prevalence in men. In conclusions, these findings suggest that social and lifestyle factors such as the educational level, marital status and dietary habits of the general population influence Jamaican obesity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (538K) -
Misa Yamamoto, Hiroko Yanaga, Hiromichi Nishina, Shoji Watabe, Koichi ...2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 33-40
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーIn the field of dermatology and plastic and reconstructive surgery, fibrin gel is regarded as a material that promotes wound healing. To test the hypothesis that fibrin may promote the growth of the epidermis, we examined its effects on the proliferation of cultured keratinocytes. Human keratinocytes were cultivated in fibrin-coated wells, and the cell numbers and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, secreted into the cultured medium, were measured. We also assessed the capacity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) that is responsible for all known actions of TGF-α and epidermal growth factor. The keratinocytes increased dramatically in their number, and the TGF-α secretion and the binding capacity of EGF-R were also increased dramatically in the presence of fibrin. These findings suggest that fibrin supports the proliferation of keratinocytes in an autocrine fashion via EGF-R; namely, fibrin stimulates keratinocytes to secrete TGF-α, which in turn increases cell proliferation and EGF-R capacity. We propose that fibrin can support the wound healing process of the epidermis via the TGF-α/EGF-R pathway.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (427K) -
Hidekazu Takemura, Wataru Hida, Tsukasa Sasaki, Takashi Sugawara, Tets ...2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 41-50
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーIn Japan, spirometry has not been included as an item in medical check-ups for all persons. The purpose of this study was to show evidence to recommend spirometry routinely on medical check-up for the early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There were 12,760 enrolled persons who underwent medical check-up. COPD was defined as a ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to slow vital capacity of 70% or less. We investigated the prevalence and its characteristics of COPD in people on medical check-up. The prevalence of COPD was 3.6% in all subjects, 4.5% in males, and 1.8% in females. In the comparison between males and females, the prevalence of COPD in males of most age groups was higher than that of females, and this difference was greater with aging. Males in their 50s and over 60 years old and females over 60 years old showed remarkably high prevalences. Occupations associated with a high smoking rate such as transportation-related occupations showed a higher prevalence of COPD. These results suggest that spirometry for all persons in medical check-ups can identify many COPD patients not aware of this disease. Spirometry should be carried out routinely on medical check-up.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (445K) -
Ahmet Ocal, Ilker Kiris, Melih Erdinç, Oktay Peker, Turhan Yavu ...2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 51-58
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーProtamine is used after cardiopulmonary bypass was stopped in order to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin administered during open-heart operations. Adverse hemodynamic responses to protamine are common, ranging from minor perturbations to cardiovascular collapse. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a prostacyclin is effective in the treatment of protamine-mediated acute pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure in the perioperative period of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations. In sixty-eight (1.78%) of 3800 patients who underwent isolated CABG, acute pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure developed during or following the protamine infusion. These 68 patients were included in the study and were randomized into two groups. Thirty-eight of the patients received prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), norepinephrine and dopamine (PGI2 group), whereas 30 patients received nitroglycerin, norepinephrine and dopamine (control group). Hemodynamic data were recorded before and after the above drug combinations. The mean value of left ventricle ejection fraction significantly increased (p < 0.05) and mean values of central venous pressure, pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the PGI2 group. The mean value of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the mean value of central venous pressure significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the control group. In conclusion, prostacyclin (PGI2) is effective in the treatment of protamine-mediated acute pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure in the perioperative period in isolated CABG operations. This finding may be an important contribution to the treatment of severe protamine complications during open-heart operations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (329K) -
Gultekin F. Hobikoglu, Tugrul Norgaz, Huseyin Aksu, Orhan Ozer, Mehmet ...2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 59-64
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーAspirin is widely used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, but is not effective for all patients. This phenomenon is called as aspirin resistance. Although the prognosis is worse in patients who develop acute coronary syndrome (ACS) while using aspirin, the frequency of aspirin resistance in these patients has not been evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of aspirin resistance in patients with ACS and to determine its relationship with the angiographic severity and extent of the associated coronary artery disease. The present study included 104 patients with ACS (75 men, 60.4 ± 10.8 years) who were hospitalized while using aspirin for at least last 7 days and 100 patients with stable coronary artery disease (73 men, 57.6 ± 10.6 years), documented by coronary angiography, history of revascularization or myocardial infarction (MI), and the use of aspirin for last 7 days. The latter group had no MI or ACS for last 3 months. Platelet function was assessed with PFA-100, which simulates primary homeostasis at injured blood vessels. Coronary angiography was performed in 83 cases of the patients with ACS during hospital stay. Aspirin resistance is more prevalent in patients with ACS (40.3%) when compared with stable coronary artery disease patients (27%). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.04). The ACS patients with aspirin resistance were older and had severe myocardial damage. However, there were no significant differences in angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease between aspirin-resistant and aspirin-sensitive patients. Frequency of aspirin resistance is higher in patients who develop ACS while using aspirin than that in patients with stable coronary artery disease.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (326K) -
Hirokazu Oshimoto, Shinichi Okamura, Tomohiro Iida, Takeshi Ishikawa, ...2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 65-71
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーPlatelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is an enzyme hydrolyzing platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator, but the relationship between this enzyme and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine the usefulness of the serum PAF-AH activity in order to differentiate ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn's disease (CD). The serum PAF-AH activity was measured in 57 patients with IBD (39 UC and 18 CD patients) and 13 control subjects by a spectrophotometric method. The serum PAF-AH activity was thus found to be significantly lower in patients with CD (median 265.5 U/l) than in those with UC (355 U/l) or control subjects (374 U/l). This marker at a cutoff level of 386 U/l demonstrated a sensitivity of 46%, a specificity of 100%, and a positive predictive value of 100% regarding its ability to distinguish UC from CD. Moreover, the marker responded inversely to the changes in the disease activity of IBD. These results suggest that measuring the serum PAF-AH activity is a useful diagnostic modality for making a differential diagnosis between UC and CD.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (275K) -
Kazuhiko Kotani, Yoneatsu Osaki, Youichi Kurozawa, Takuji Kishimoto2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 73-79
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーJapan has been behind the times in terms of promoting smoking control. The health-promotion law, which included the aim of preventing environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in public places, was newly introduced in Japan in 2003. The community-based survey on the present state of restaurant smoking restrictions and restaurant owners' concern of smoking is important as it is a reflection of the community's desire to prevent ETS. Data on the smoking restrictions in 163 restaurants in Yonago, one Japanese community, and the owners' smoking-related awareness were collected just one month after the law was enacted. This study revealed that only 6 (3.6%) restaurants were under sufficient conditions: 3 with totally smoke-free and 3 with complete non-smoking sections. The styles (e.g., Western-, Japanese- and Chinese-styles) and kinds of restaurants (e.g., family restaurants and tearooms) were not related to the state of smoking restrictions. Rates of smokers were relatively high among owners, and smoking owners significantly provided insufficient smoking restrictions. 26.4% of owners knew about the new law. However, there were no restaurants that started their smoking restrictions due to the law. Owners' knowledge of the law did not correlate with smoking restrictions. The owners especially feared the negative effects on business due to smoking restrictions. These survey findings suggested little protection from ETS in a sample of restaurants and a large gap in restaurant smoking restrictions compared to other countries. More widespread adoption of the health-promotion law in restaurants is an issue.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (263K)
Case Report
-
Etsuro Matsubara, Tetsuya Nagata, Yasuhiko Kageyama, Mito Shiote, Reik ...2005 年 207 巻 1 号 p. 81-85
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/08/04
ジャーナル フリーWe describe a unique condition affecting two siblings with a form of progressive spinocerebellar ataxia. After a period of very slowly progressive ataxia, the patients developed an extremely accelerated progression of the condition which consisted of cerebellar ataxia, seizure, progressive dementia and spastic tetraparesis. Age of onset was variable at 7 to 18 years. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed marked atrophy of the cerebellum and cerebrum with strikingly preserved brainstem dimensions. Biochemical or molecular genetic analysis was performed in an elder sister and her parents to exclude known forms of familial spinocerebellar ataxia, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), progressive myoclonic epilepsy, and some metabolic disorders which could have a similar phenotype. The mode of inheritance appears to be autosomal recessive. We think that the affected siblings may have a new type of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (548K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|