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Volume 31, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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I PRODUCING ORGANISM AND FERMENTATIONYASUTAKA SHIMAUCHI, KAZUHIKO OKAMURA, AKIHIKO KOKI, MICHIKO HASEGAWA, ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 261-269
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA streptomycete strain, P3409, which produced new basic macrolide antibiotics, deltamycins A1, A2 and A3 and carbomycin A (deltamycin A4) was considered to be a newsubspecies for which the name Streptomyces halstedii subsp. deltae was proposed. Deltamycins A1, A2, A3 and A4 which were active against Gram-positive bacteria were produced in organic complex media.View full abstractDownload PDF (4083K) -
II ISOLATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIESYASUTAKA SHIMAUCHI, KATSURO KUBO, KAZUKO OSUMI, KAZUHIKO OKAMURA, YASU ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 270-275
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe new macrolide antibiotics were isolated by silica gel chromatography. They showed a UV absorption maximum at 240 nm. Deltamycins A1, A2 and A3 were demonstrated to be new macrolide antibiotics on the basis of their physicochemical properties whereas deltamycin A4 was identified as carbomycin A.View full abstractDownload PDF (2065K) -
I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCER STRAIN, FERMENTATION STUDIES AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIESF. PARENTI, G. BERETTA, M. BERTI, V. ARIOLI1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 276-283
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA soil isolate of Actinoplanes that produces the chemically unrelated new antibiotics teichomycins A1 and A2 has been proposed as a new species named Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. (ATCC 31121). Studies of medium and fermentation conditions indicated that the highest antibiotic titers, cα 900 μ/ml, are obtained in a medium containing 1% (w/v) glucose, 1% cotton seed meal, 1% malt extract, and 0.4% yeast extract. Both teichomycin A1 and teichomycin A2 are highly active against gram-positive bacteria. Teichomycin A1 shows some activity against gram-negative bacteria. Both antibiotics cured mice experimentally infected with sensitive bacteria and showed low acute toxicity. Of the two antibiotics teichomycin A2 is the more active.View full abstractDownload PDF (3882K) -
FRANCOISE BESSON, FRANCOISE PEYPOUX, GEORGES MICHEL, LUCIEN DELCAMBE1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 284-288
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty eight strains of B. subtilis were tested for the presence of antifungal antibiotics of the iturin group. The characterization of these antibiotics was made on the basis of: antifungal activity against P. chrysogenum, isolation and purification of the active substance, quantitative analysis of α-aminoacids and identification of the liposoluble dipeptide obtained by partial hydrolysis. The only antibiotics of the iturin group found were: iturin A, mycosubtilin and bacillomycin L.View full abstractDownload PDF (2272K) -
HARUO SETO, JOHN W. WESTLEY, ROSS G. PITCHER1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 289-293
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAll thirty-four signals observed in the 13C nmr of both the free acid form (Ia) and sodium salt (Ib) of the polyether antibiotic lasalocid have been assigned. This was achieved using model compounds such as 3-methylsalicylic acid, the retroaldol ketones from both lasalocid and lysocellin and a γ-lactone from a third polyether, salinomycin. The last assignments to be made were accomplished using biosynthetically enriched samples of the antibiotic.View full abstractDownload PDF (2049K) -
NESTOR A. RODIOS, MARC J. O. ANTEUNIS1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 294-301
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interpretation of the 300 MHz 1H-nmr spectra of septamycin (1) and its sodium salt (1+) allow one to extract most of the parameters revealing their resemblant conformations in solution. The backbone forms a pseudocyclic structure closed by head-to-tail hydrogen bonding between the carboxylate fragment and the OH-14. In 1+, the sodium ion is trapped in a central hole by coordinating around it six to seven oxygen atoms (including COO-). The external lipophilic zone of the molecule keeps the sodium ion away from the surroundings. The dangling sugar-like fragment does not participate in the metal binding. It was not Possible to detect any water molecule participating in the cyclization of septamycin-free acid, nor in septamycin-Na+, as was found in an X-ray study for the p-bromophenacyl ester.View full abstractDownload PDF (3337K) -
KIYOSHI TSUJI, JOHN F. GOETZ1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 302-308
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used as a rapid means of monitoring the erythromycin and the tetracycline fermentation processes. The sample preparation process for tetracycline in the fermentation broth includes simple dilution and filtration through a Millipore filter prior to injection into the HPLC column. Fermentation broth samples showed no interference, and excellent separation for selective determination of tetracycline, 4-epitetracycline, anhydrotetracycline, chlortetracycline, and 4-epianhydrotetracycline was obtained. The relative standard deviation for the HPLC analysis for tetracycline is about one percent and the correlation coefficient between the HPLC and the spectrophotometric assay methods is better than 0.994.
The sample preparation procedure for erythromycin determination in fermentation broth requires solvent cleanup and extraction processes. The chromatographic analysis takes approximately 25 minutes, and the HPLC method is capable of separating and quantifying erythromycins A, B, C, and various epimers and degradation compounds. The correlation coefficient between the HPLC and the microbiological assay method is 0.970.View full abstractDownload PDF (3064K) -
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DESOSAMINYL-PLATENOLIDE IISAO MAEZAWA, AKIO KINUMAKI, MAKOTO SUZUKI1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 309-318
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiological glycosidation of platenolide I (I), a biosynthetic intermediate of 16-membered macrolide antibiotic platenomycin aglycones, with desosamine by Streptomycetes producing 14-membered macrolide antibiotics was attempted. Streptomyces narbonensis producing narbomycin gave a new product designated as 5-O-desosaminyl-platenolide I (III), and Streptomyces venezuelae producing narbomycin and picromycin gave III together with a second new product, 5-O-desosaminyl-14-hydroxyplatenolide I (IV). A nonantibiotic-producing blocked mutant of Streptomyces platensis subsp. malvinus, a producer of platenomycins, converted III to an antibiotically active compound identified as 3-O-propionyl-5-O-desosaminyl-9-dihydro-18-oxo-platenolide I (V).View full abstractDownload PDF (4868K) -
LIBOR SLECHTA, JOYCE CIALDELLA, HERMAN HOEKSEMA1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 319-323
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe macrolide antibiotic albocycline, when added to the fermentations of Streptomyces venezuelae UC-2560 (WC-3627) underwent a gradual loss of antimicrobial activity. The inactive product of this biotransformation was isolated from the fermentations and was shown to be 2, 3-dihydroalbocycline.View full abstractDownload PDF (2482K) -
THE STRUCTURES OF DACTYLARIOL AND THE ANTIPROTOZOAL ANTIBIOTIC DACTYLARINANNA MARIA BECKER, RODNEY W. RICKARDS, KARL J. SCHMALZL, Ho C. YICK1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 324-329
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metabolites of the predacious fungus Dactylaria lutea ROUTIEN include the anthraquinone macrosporin (2) and three hydroxylated 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro derivatives of this anthraquinone, altersolanol A (5), altersolanol B (4) and dactylariol (6). The structure and relative configuration of dactylariol are established from spectroscopic studies, and its absolute configuration is proposed as 1R, 2R, 3R by virtue of its co-occurrence with alter-solanol B. Dactylarin, suggested by other authors to have the structure (1), is shown to be identical with altersolanol B (4).View full abstractDownload PDF (3164K) -
JULIA HUGHES, GRAHAM MELLOWS1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 330-335
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the antibiotic, pseudomonic acid, on the major metabolic processes in Staphylococcus aureus was studied. The primary effect of low concentrations of the antibiotic, leading to bacteriostasis, is inhibition of protein synthesis. Pseudomonic acid also severely inhibits RNA synthesis which can be prevented by chloramphenicol treatment. DNA and cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis are inhibited to a lesser extent and interference with these processes is considered to be a secondary effect. Oxidative phosphorylation as measured by ATP levels was not inhibited.View full abstractDownload PDF (2776K) -
VINCENT P. MARSHALL, J. PATRICK MCGOVREN, FLOYD A. RICHARD, ROBIN E. R ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 336-342
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been shown that the antitumor antibiotics daunomycin (1) and adriamycin (4) are metabolized by microorganisms in a fashion similar to their metabolism by mammalian cells. Both the fungus Mucor spinosus and its cell-free extracts reduce the 13-keto group of daunomycin to give daunomycinol (2) by a TPNH-dependent process. Cell-free extracts of Streptomyces steffisburgensis convert adriamycin and daunomycinol to their 7-deoxyaglycones (5) and (3) by DPNH-linked reductive glycosidic cleavage. Cell-free extracts of the latter organism convert 7-deoxyadriamycinone (5) to 7-deoxyadriamycinol aglycone (6) by TPNH-linked 13-keto reduction.View full abstractDownload PDF (3113K) -
P. SANTANAM, F. H. KAYSER1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 343-351
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in Staphylococcus epidermidis FK109, is mediated by an enzyme that catalyzes transfer of the nucleotide monophosphate moiety from the nucleotide triphosphates, either to the 4'-hydroxyl group or to the 4"-hydroxyl group, that is in the equatorial plane of the aminoglycoside molecule. The enzyme, modifying the two sites, appears as a single and homogeneous entity in affinity chromatography, in chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, in isoelectric focusing and in gel-filtration. It requires divalent cations, notably Mg++, and dithiothreitol for optimal adenylylation. It has a molecular weight of 46, 770 and an isoelectric point of 5.0. The ability of the enzyme ANT (4', 4") to modify the two hydroxyl groups of aminoglycoside molecules, enables it to have a spectrum of substrates that surpasses, in range, the substrate spectrum of all the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes which have been characterized hitherto.View full abstractDownload PDF (4403K) -
J. W. BIDDLE, J. M. SWENSON, C. THORNSBERRY1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 352-358
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe emergence of β-lactamase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has led to a reexamination of the role of the disc agar diffusion method in susceptibility testing of gonococci. Our data show that the disc agar diffusion test can be used to screen for β-lactamase production by these organisms. The disc tests were done on GC Agar Base supplemented with 1 % IsoVitaleX. An inoculum of 108 colony forming units/ml and either a 10-unitpenicillin or a 10-μg-ampicillin disc were used. A zone diameter of ≤19 mm was indicative of β-lactamase production. These results were compared with results of chemical tests for β-lactamase and with minimal inhibitory concentrations. Recommendations were also made for a disc test with tetracycline and spectinomycin, but these methods must remain tentative because of the lack of resistant strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (3178K) -
DONALD H. PITKIN, PAUL ACTOR, JOSEPH G. BALDINUS, ALEX POST, JERRY A. ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 359-362
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA quantitative semi-automated turbidimetric bioassay for cefazaflur, using Streptococcus faecium as the indicator, is described. Assays were run at pH 6.5-7 for 3.75 hours at 37°C using 2-12 μg cefazaflur per ml assay broth for standards. The dose response line was plotted point to point using the natural log of the absorbance vs natural log of the concentration. This assay is both accurate and precise and is more rapid than traditional plate assays for antibiotics.View full abstractDownload PDF (1875K) -
RICHARD V. GOERING, CHRISTINE C. SANDERS, W. EUGENE SANDERS Jr.1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 363-372
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activity of BL-S786 was compared to that of cephalothin, cefamandole and cefoxitin in vitro and in treatment of experimental infections in mice. In broth dilution tests, the activity of BL-S786 was less than cephalothin or cefamandole against Staphylococcus aureus and less than cefamandole or cefoxitin against Haemophilus influenzae. BL-S786 and cefamandole were the two most active drugs against cephalothin-sensitive Enterobacteriaceae. In tests with cephalothin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, BL-S786 was generally less active than cefamandole but more active than cefoxitin against all strains except Proteus and Providencia. Regardless of the comparative in vitro activity of the four drugs, BL-S786 was the most effective drug in treatment of mice lethally infected with Enterobacteriaceae. Protection from lethality was associated with clearance of bacteremia by each of the four drugs. In several tests where in vitro activity was not predictive of in vivo efficacy, selection of resistance in vivo was found to have occurred.View full abstractDownload PDF (5193K) -
J. M. WEBER, D. PERLMAN1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 373-374
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (843K) -
YUZURU IWAI, ATSUSHI HIRANO, JUICHI AWAYA, SHIGETAKA MATSUO, SATOSHI O ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 375-376
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (785K) -
KAZUTAKA FUKUSHIMA, TADASHI ARAI1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 377-378
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (744K) -
I. NEW REACTIONS OF PAROMOMYCIN AND SYNTHESIS OF ITS 2'-N-ETHYLDERIVATIVEGIUSEPPE CASSINELLI, GIOVANNI FRANCESCHI, GIACOMO DI COLO, FEDERICO AR ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 379-381
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1265K) -
SYNTHESIS OF ANALOGUES OF PAROMOMYCIN MODIFIED IN THE GLUCOSAMINE MOIETYGIUSEPPE CASSINELLI, PIERA JULITA, FEDERICO ARCAMONE1978 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 382-384
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1398K)
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