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I. DISCOVERY AND FERMENTATION STUDIES
L.D. BOECK, M.M. HOEHN, J.E. WESTHEAD, R.K. WOLTER, D.N. THOMAS
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
95-101
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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Although
Geotrichum species occur ubiquitously, antibiotic production by members of this genus has not previously been reported. The antibiotic complex designated A25822, consisting of one major and six minor structurally-related components active primarily against
Candida and
Trichophyton, represents a new family of naturallyoccurring compounds. Approximately 90% of the antibiotic activity synthesized remained associated with the fungal cell mass, from which it was recovered by multiple methanolic extractions for quantitation. Antibiotic production was enhanced by tryptophan. iron, zinc, and high levels of dextrin.
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II. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
K.H. MICHEL, R.L. HAMILL, S.H. LARSEN, R.H. WILLIAMS
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
102-111
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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A novel group of antibiotics, comprising microbiologically-active structurallyrelated factors A25822A, B, D, H, L, M and N, produced by culturing
Geotrichum flavo-brunneum NRRL 3862 under submerged aerobic fermentation conditions was isolated by extraction. The individual factors were separated and purified by chromatography and crystallization. The major factor, A25822B, a 15-aza-24-methylene-D-homocholestadiene is a white crystalline compound, C
28H
45NO. The antibiotics are highly active against fungi and marginally active against bacteria.
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III. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
ROBERT S. GORDEE, THOMAS F. BUTLER
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
112-117
Published: 1975
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The A25822 antibiotic complex consists of seven biologically active factors. A comparative study of these factors determined that factor B possessed the greatest antifungal activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration of A25822B against isolates of
Candida albicans was <0.312-5.0μg/ml,
Trichophyton mentagrophytes was inhibited at <0.0312μg/ml. Other pathogenic fungi such as
Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporotrichum schencki, and
Microsporium gypseum were very susceptible to A25822B. Only limited antibacterial activity of A25822B was found. Parenteral or oral administration of 50mg/kg of A25822B significantly extended the average survival time of mice infected with
C. albicans. Doses of 20mg/kg of A25822B caused a greater than ten-fold reduction in the number of Candida cells recovered from kidneys of infected mice. A solution of 0.5% or 0.25% A25822B applied topically was effective against an experimental dermatophyte infection on guinea pigs. A peak blood level of 3 μg/ml was achieved in mice following a 100mg/kg dose of A25822B. Combination of A25822B with a polyene antibiotic in vitro showed antagonism.
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I. ISOLATION, PURIFICATION, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
EIICHI EBATA, HIROKO KASAHARA, KEIJI SEKINE, YUKIO INOUE
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
118-121
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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A new antibiotic, lysocellin (K-5610), was isolated from
Streptomyces cacaoi var.
asoensis K-9 Met
-. Lysocellin was obtained as a colorless crystalline needles from both the cultural filtrate and the mycelium of the organism. The antibiotic melted at 158-160°C and had a molecular formula C
34H59O
10Na•1/2 H
2O. It had antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, antibiotic-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus and some fungi, but not against gram-negative bacteria. Based on its physico-chemical and biological properties lysocellin was identified as a new polyether antibiotic.
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STUDIES ON ANTIBIOTICS FROM THE GENUS BACILLUS. III
JUN'ICHI SHOJI, RYUZI SAKAZAKI, YOSHIHARU WAKISAKA, KENZO KOIZUMI, MIK ...
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
122-125
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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Two water-soluble basic antibiotics named galantins I and II were isolated from a strain resembling
Bacillus pulvifaciens. Both antibiotics are peptides containing glycine, alanine, ornithine, lysine and some unknown ninhydrin-positive components. An approximate empirical formula C
50±1H
98±2O
17N
16 indicated for galantin I. These are active against some gram-positive, acid-fast and gram-negative bacteria.
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STUDIES ON ANTIBIOTICS FROM THE GENUS BACILLUS. IV
JUN'ICHI SHOJI, HIROSHI HINOO, YOSHIHARU WAKISAKA, KENZO KOIZUMI, MIKA ...
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
126-128
Published: 1975
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A new antibiotic TL-119 active against gram-positive bacteria was isolated from a strain resembling
Bacillus subtilis. The antibiotic is a neutral substance, soluble in a mixture of chloroform and methanol, and is a peptide with an empirical formula of C
42H
57N
7O
9, containing threonine (1), alanine (1), valine (1), leucine (1) and phenylalanine (2).
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STUDIES ON ANTIBIOTICS FROM THE GENEUS BACILLUS. V
JUN'ICHI SHOJI, RYUZI SAKAZAKI, YOSHIHARU WAKISAKA, KENZO KOIZUMI, MIK ...
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
129-131
Published: 1975
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A new antibiotic named 61-26 active against gram-positive bacteria and some fungi was isolated from a
Bacillus strain. The antibiotic is a weakly basic peptide slightly soluble in aqueous alcohols. An approximate empirical formula of C
50H
93-N
11O
17 and constituent amino acids of aspartic acid (1 mole), serine (2 moles), alanine (2 moles), and sum of valine and isoleucine (2 moles) are indicated.
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D. P. BONNER, W. MECHLINSKI, C. P. SCHAFFNER
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
132-135
Published: 1975
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In solid form, amphotericin B and amphotericin B methyl ester free base exhibit similar stability. Acid salts of the methyl ester derivative stored under identical conditions are less stable. In solution, amphotericin B is generally more stable than its methyl ester salts. However, when pH is adjusted to 6.0 and storage temperature held at 5°C the methyl ester salts reflect the stability exhibited by the parent compound, amphotericin B.
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JOHN C. KNIGHT, HERMAN HOEKSEMA
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
136-142
Published: 1975
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The two epimers of dihydrospectinomycin have been separated and identified structurally. Four tetrahydrospectinomycins have also been prepared.
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KENZO OHTSUKI, NAKAO ISHIDA
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
143-148
Published: 1975
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Degradation of DNA in HeLa-S3 cells mediated by an acidic antitumor protein, neocarzinostatin (NCS), was examined. The concentration of NCS required for induction of DNA degradation was considerably higher than that which caused inhibition of DNA synthesis. Sedimentation analysis of DNA revealed that HeLa-S3 cell DNA first received single-strand nicks within 60 minutes after exposure to the antibiotic, whereas detectable double-strand scissions eventually gave rise to the accumulation of double-stranded DNA fragments of heterogeneous size. When the cells exposed to NCS were transferred to NCS-free medium at early stages of the degradation, the single-strand nicks caused in DNA were repaired by a process which was sensitive to puromycin.
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DOROTHY STEWART, GERALD P. BODEY
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
149-155
Published: 1975
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Sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic which is produced by
Micromonospora myoensis, was studied against 565 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. With the exception of
Serratia marcescens, over 90% of isolates of gram-negative bacilli were inhibited by 1.56μg/ml or less of sisomicin. Sisomicin was slightly more active than gentamicin and tobramycin against isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp. It was substantially more active than butirosin and kanamycin against all gram-negative bacilli. Isolates of gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin were also resistant to sisomicin. Most of these isolates were sensitive to amikacin.
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CHING-JER CHANG, HEINZ G. FLOSS, PINNAN SOONG, CHING-TE CHANG
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
156
Published: 1975
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HISAO KONDO, TADAHARU HONKE, RYOICHI HASEGAWA, TAKAKO SHIMODA, SHOSHIR ...
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
157-160
Published: 1975
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ATSUSHI TAMURA, HIROTADA KOTANI, SHUNSUKE NARUTO
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
161-162
Published: 1975
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III. CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND DEGRADATION OF COMPONENTS OF METHYL-14C-GENTAMICIN COMPLEX
B. K. LEE, R. G. CONDON, A. MURAWSKI, G. H. WAGMAN
1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
163-166
Published: 1975
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Radioactivity incorporated into individual components and subunits of each component was determined, following chromatographic separation and hydrolytic degradation of components of methyl-
14C-gentamicin complex.
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