The Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 1881-1469
Print ISSN : 0021-8820
ISSN-L : 0021-8820
Volume 54, Issue 8
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • I. Taxonomy, Frmentation, Isolation and Biological Activities
    KAZUHKO KUROSAWA, KOSAKU TAKAHASHI, EISUKE TSUDA
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 615-621
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Novel depsipeptides, SW-163C and E were isolated from the culture broth of an actinomycete strain. The producing organism, designated as SNA15896, was identified as a member of Streptomyces from its morphological and cultural characteristics. SW-163C and E exhibited potent antitumor activities against various tumor cell lines in vitro and against murine leukemia P388 in vivo. The compounds also showed antimicrobial activities.
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  • II. Structure Elucidation
    KOSAKU TAKAHASHI, HIROYUKI KOSHINO, YASUAKI ESUMI, EISUKE TSUDA, KAZUH ...
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 622-627
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    SW-163C and E are novel antitumor antibiotics, which belong to quinomycin family, isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. SNA15896. These compounds were determined to be cyclic depsipeptides having 3-hydroxyquinaldic acid as a chromophore and a sulfur-containing intramolecular cross linkage through various spectroscopic analyses.
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  • Fermentation, Isolation, Physico-chemical Properties, Structure Determination and Biological Activities
    MASAAKI SAKURAI, JUN KOHNO, MAKI NISHIO, KOZO YAMAMOTO, TORU OKUDA, KI ...
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 628-634
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new transcriptional up-regulator designated TMC-205 was discovered from the fermentation broth of an unidentified fungal strain TC 1630 by using an SV40 promoterluciferase reporter assay. Based on spectroscopic analyses, its structure was determined to be (E)-6-(3-methyl-1, 3-butadienyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid. Expression of the luciferase activity was activated ca. 2-, 4-, and 6-fold by 1, 10, and 100μM TMC-205, respectively. TMC-205 activated the transcriptional activity in a manner dependent on the presence of the enhancer element of SV40 in its promoter region.
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  • HUA ZHANG, HIROSHI TOMODAI, NORIKO TABATA, HIROMI MIURA, MICHIO NAMIKO ...
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 635-641
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new antibiotic termed cladospolide D was isolated along with the known cladospolides A and B from the fermentation broth of Cladosporium sp. FT-0012 by solvent extraction, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structure of cladospolide D was deduced to be (E)-2-dodecen-5-hydroxy-ll-olide-4-one. Cladospolide D showed antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae and Mucor racemosus.
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  • ANDREW R. BUTLER, ATUL R. GANDECHA, ERIC CUNDLIFFE
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 642-649
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The tylosin-biosynthetic (tyl) gene cluster of Streptomyces fradiae contains ancillary genes that encode functions normally associated with primary metabolism. These can be disrupted without loss of viability, since equivalent genes (presumably used for 'housekeeping' purposes) are also present elsewhere in the genome. The tyl cluster also contains two genes that encode products unlike any proteins in the databases. Two ancillary genes, metF (encoding N5, N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) and metK, encoding S-adenosylmethionine synthase, flank one of the 'unknown' genes (orf9) in the tyl cluster. In a strain of S. fradiae in which all three of these genes were disrupted, tylosin production was reduced, although this effect was obscured in media supplemented with glycine betaine which can donate methyl groups to the tetrahydrofolate pool. Apparently, one consequence of the recruitment of ancillary genes into the tyl cluster is enhanced capacity for transmethylation during secondary metabolism.
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  • TATSUHIKO KONDO, MASARU SAKURADA, SUSUMU OKAMOTO, MAKOTO ONO, HIROSHI ...
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 650-657
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Aflastatin A inhibits aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus via an unknown mechanism. We found that aflastatin A clearly inhibited production of norsolorinic acid, an early biosynthetic intermediate of aflatoxin, at a concentration of 0.25 μg/ml. Reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and real-time quantitative PCR (TaqMan PCR) experiments indicated that the transcription of genes encoding aflatoxin biosynthetic enzymes (pksA, ver-1, and omtA) and a gene encoding a regulatory protein for expression of the biosynthetic enzymes (aflR) were significantly reduced by the addition of aflastatin A. We also found that aflastatin A elevated the glucose consumption and ethanol accumulation by A. parasiticus, and repressed transcription of genes involved in ethanol utilization. These results suggest that aflastatin A inhibits a very early step in aflatoxin biosynthesis prior to the transcription of aflR and can influence glucose metabolism in the fungus.
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  • KAZUHIKO OTOGURO, AKIKO KOHANA, CHIZU MANABE, AKI ISHIYAMA, HIDEAKI UI ...
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 658-663
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the course of our screening program to discover antimalarial antibiotics, which are active against drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and rodents infected with P. berghei in vivo, from the culture broth of microorganisms, we found a selective and potent active substance produced by an actinomycete strain K99-0413. It was identified as a known polyether antibiotic, X-206. We also compared the in vitro antimalarial activities and cytotoxicities of 12 known polyethers with X-206. Among them, X-206 showed the most selective and potent inhibitory effect against both drug resistant and sensitive strains of P. falciparum. Comparison of biological activities and ion-affinities of the above antibiotics suggests that monovalent cations play an important biological role for the intracellular growth of P. falciparum in parasitized erythrocytes. Moreover, X-206 showed potent in vivo antimalarial activity on the rodent model, though the therapeutic window was narrow compared with its selective toxicity in vitro. These observations are the first report of antimalarial activity of X-206.
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  • MASATO KASHIMURA, TOSHIFUMI ASAKA, YOKO MISAWA, KEITA MATSUMOTO, SHIGE ...
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 664-678
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The novel 6-O-methyl tricyclic ketolides TE-802 and its analogs were synthesized by two successive cyclization reactions, 11, 12-cyclic carbamate formation by intramolecular Michael addition and 9, 11-diazaheptene ring construction by intramolecular dehydration reaction. These new tricyclic ketolides exhibited good in vitro antibacterial activity against not only erythromycin-susceptible strains but also erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, which are problematic pathogens of nosocomial and communityacquired respiratory tract infections, respectively.
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  • MARCUS WEIDLER, JAN RETHER, TIMM ANKE, GERHARD ERKEL, OLOV STERNER
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 679-681
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • MASATOMI IIJIMA, TETSUYA SOMENO, MASAAKI ISHIZUKA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI
    2001 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 682-683
    Published: August 25, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: September 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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