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PRODUCING ORGANISM, ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
SATOSHI YAGINUMA, NAOKI MUTO, MASATOSHI TSUJINO, YASUHIRO SUDATE, MITS ...
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
359-366
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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Neplanocin A, C
11H
13N
5O
3, is a novel carbocyclic analog of adenosine with cyclopentene. It was isolated from the culture filtrate of
Ampullariella regularis A11079 by means of ion-exchange, carbon, silica gel adsorption, or partition chromatography. Neplanocin A forms crystals, and is stable at acidic or alkaline pH. Neplanocin A has cytotoxicity against L5178Y cells in culture and showed a remarkable effect on the life prolongation of mice infected with L1210 leukemia.
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I. TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON THE PRODUCING MICROORGANISM
YOSHIMI KAWAMURA, YUKIO YASUDA, MIKAO MAYAMA
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
367-369
Published: 1981
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An actinomycete, strain PA-4046, was found to produce a novel amino acid L-2-(1-methyl-cyclopropyl) glycine in the fermentation broth. Based on the results of taxonomic studies, the strain was identified as a new species of
Micromonospora and the name
Micromonospora miyakonensis sp. nov. is proposed.
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II. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
JUN'ICHI SHOJI, RYUJI SAKAZAKI, TOSHIYUKI KATO, AZUO TORI, YOHKO YOSHI ...
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
370-373
Published: 1981
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A novel amino acid, L-2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)glycine was isolated from the culture broth of
Micromonospora miyakonensis sp. nov. This amino acid exhibits an antimicrobial activity against
Escherichia coil on a synthetic medium.
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JUN-ICHI SHOJI, HIROSHI HINOO, TOSHIYUKI KATO, KEIKO NAKAUCHI, SHINZO ...
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
374-380
Published: 1981
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A novel dipeptide, N-(2, 6-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpimelyl)-L-alanine, was isolated from the culture broth of a microorganism identified as
Micromonospora chalcea. The dipeptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against
Escherichia coli on a synthetic medium, and the activity is synergistically enhanced by several cell wall synthesis-inhibitors.
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I. PRODUCTION, ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES
HIROSHI KAWAGUCHI, MASATAKA KONISHI, TAKASHI TSUNO, TAKEO MIYAKI, KOJI ...
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
381-389
Published: 1981
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Strains of
Bacillus cereus produced a complex of new antibiotics, glysperins A, B and C. They are basic, water-soluble antibiotics and active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including aminoglycoside-resistant organisms. Glysperin A is a major component of the antibiotic complex and approximately two to four times more active than components B and C.
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II. STRUCTURES OF GLYSPERINS A, B AND C
TAKASHI TSUNO, MASATAKA KONISHI, TAKAYUKI NAITO, HIROSHI KAWAGUCHI
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
390-402
Published: 1981
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Structures of glysperins A, B and C were determined on the basis of chemical degradation studies in conjunction with spectroscopic analyses. Glysperin A consisted of L-alanine,
p-hydroxybenzoic acid, a C
11-alkyl tctramine and four sugar moieties, three of which were identified as D-ribose, D-galactose and 2, 4-diamino-2, 4, 6-trideoxy-D-galactose. The fourth sugar was a novel exoenose, 6-deoxy-D-
xylo-hex-5-enose. Structural difference between glysperins A and B resided solely in the terminal polyamine moiety which was spermidine in glysperin B. Glysperin C contained n-glucose in place of the exoenohexose moiety of glysperin A. Glysperins A, B and C are, in some respects, structurally related to the glycocinnamoyl-spermidine antibiotics, LL-BM 123 β, γ
1 and γ
2.
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JACK TADANIER, ROBERT HALLAS
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
403-411
Published: 1981
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Methods have been developed for preparation of 4-
N-arenesulfonyifortimicins B and 4-
N-alkanesulfonylfortimicins B from derivatives of fortimicin B-1, 5-carbamate. 4-
N-(2-Aminoethanesulfonyl)fortimicin B and 4-
N-(
p-aminobenzenesulfonyl)fortimicin B have been prepared and found to be devoid of antibacterial activity.
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SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF NEW 7-VINYLENETHIOACETAMIDO AND THIOACRYLAMIDO CEPHALOSPORINS
GIULIANO NANNINI, ETTORE PERRONE, DINO SEVERINO, ANGELO BEDESCHI, GIOV ...
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
412-426
Published: 1981
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The synthesis and
in vitro structure-activity relationships of 7-vinylenethioacetamido and thioacrylamido cephalosporins with various substituents at the 3-position are described. 7(
Z)β-Vinylenethioacetamido cephalosporins proved the most active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 7-[(
Z)-β-Cyanovinylenethioacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (K13101,
40) was several times more active
in vitro than cefazolin.
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ICHIRO N. MARUYAMA, NOBUO TANAKA, SHINICHI KONDO, HAMAO UMEZAWA
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
427-435
Published: 1981
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The characteristics of neothramycin and its reaction mechanism with DNA were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of neothramycin is enhanced by the reaction with DNA. The reaction rate of the drug and DNA is rather slow; and is dependent upon both DNA and drug concentrations, and is stimulated by hydrogen ion. Analysis of the equilibrium reaction suggested that neothramycin possesses about one binding site per 2-3 base-pairs with homogeneous affinity and association constant of 4.7×10
3 M
-1; and no significant mutual interference of the binding sites seems to exist. From the results of neothramycin's interaction with various polynucleotides, it was suggested that a guanine base and a double helix conformation of DNA are required for binding the antibiotic. The current results and previous ones, concerning neothramycin-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct formation, suggested that the antibiotic reacts with 2-amino group of guanine base of DNA by dehydration in the manner of a bimolecular (Sn
2ca) equilibrium reaction.
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KATSUMI KAWAHARAJO, YASUHARU SEKIZAWA, MATSUHISA INOUE
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
436-442
Published: 1981
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9, 3"-Di-
O-acetyl midecamycin (Mom) showed
in vitro antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of
Staphylococcus aureus and was effective against some of the strains resistant to erythromycin (Em) and josamycin (Jm). The distribution pattern of the level of drug-sensitivity of the isolates to Mom was similar to that of Jm but different from that of Em. Mom- or Jm-resistant strains gradually or rapidly developed among
S. aureus strains, that were sensitive or resistant to other macrolide antibiotics. There was no significant difference between Mom and Jm as regards the rate of development of resistant strains. These mutants were always resistant to both Mom and Jm. Mom, like Jm, was effective against Em-inducible strains of
S. aureus. The
in vivo study demonstrated that Mom was more potent than Jm, similar in its potency to Em against systemic staphylococcal infections, and that it was effective against the infection due to an Em-resistant clinical isolate of
S. aureus. Mom was more effective than either Jm or Em against a staphylococcal kidney infection in mice.
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FUMIYA HIRANO, UETO TAKEDA
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
443-446
Published: 1981
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Miokamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic, was tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella test and the dominant lethal assay. MOM was not mutagenic against
Styphimurium strains TA1535-1538, TA100 and TA98 both with and without activation by S-9 mix. No increases in the frequencies of induced dominant lethal effects were found in MOM treated mice. MOM did not have mutagenic activities on either system.
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MOTOO SHIBATA, MASARU UYEDA, KAZUO MORI
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
447-451
Published: 1981
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Validamycin inhibited the hyphal extension of
Rhizoctonia solani without growth inhibition. Hyphal inhibition was more pronounced in the main hyphae than in the primary or secondary branches of
R. solani. Validamycin inhibition was antagonized by the hyphal extract of
R. solani which stimulated hyphal extension. From the hyphal extract, the hyphal extension factor antagonizing the action of validamycin was isolated as a syrup after passing through an Amberlite IR-120 B column, adsorption on an Amberlite IRA-410 column, elution with 0.2 N NH4Cl and concentration of the eluate. The hyphal extension factor stimulated only the extension of the validamycin-inhibited hyphae and not that of the normal hyphae.
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I. INDUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DELAYED TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY FOR PENICILLIN IN MICE
OSAMU SHIHO, YASUSHI NAKAGAWA, HISANORI KAWAJI
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
452-458
Published: 1981
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The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) for benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) group was observed in the footpad swelling reaction (FSR) in mice. Mice were subcutaneously immunized with 300 μg of BPO-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate and Freund's complete adjuvant and challenged into footpads with 25 μg of BPO-bovine gamma globulin (BGG) conjugate 2 weeks after the immunization. The strongest FSR was observed 24 hours after the challenge. This FSR was typical DTH. Namely, the kinetics of FSR and the histological study showed the pattern of the DTH. Furthermore, the FSR could be transferred to normal syngenic mice by transfer of antigen-primed spleen cells and could not be transferred by anti-Thy-1, 2- serum treated cells. The DTH for BPO was observed on day 4 after the immunization and reached the maximum on day 11 to 14. Thereafter, the DTH for BPO decreased gradually in proportion as the IgG antibodies for BPO were produced. C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice high responders, A/J mice moderate, and BALB/c and DBA/2 mice were low responders. Penicillins were broad cross-reactive in FSR and its desensitization test because the DTH for penicillins contained the common reactivity for the penicilloyl moiety. The DTH for BPO was suppressed by intravenous preadministration of HSA and this suppression was sensitive to cyclophosphamide.
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D. G. MARTIN, C. BILES, S. A. MIZSAK
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
459-461
Published: 1981
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SATISH K. ARORA
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
462-464
Published: 1981
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MAKOTO HORI, KAYOKO SUZUKAKE, CHIFUMI ISHIKAWA, HIDEKI ASAKURA, HAMAO ...
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
465-468
Published: 1981
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ANN H. HUNT, PAUL D. VERNON
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
469-471
Published: 1981
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SADAO MIYAMURA
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
472-473
Published: 1981
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HIROSHI SANO, YASUKI MORI, KUNIKATSU SHIRAHATA
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
474-477
Published: 1981
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SATOSHI OMURA, HARUO IKEDA, HARUO TANAKA
1981 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages
478-482
Published: 1981
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