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Volume 17, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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V. ClassificationYuichi OCHI, Heiji SATO1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 235-239
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeventy-two strains of nonpathogenic acid-fast bacilli isolated from various sources were studied inan attempt to establish any criterion for the classification of these bacilli.
On the ground of heat tolerance, urease production, and growth on sorbit-NH4Cl medium, these strains seemed to be classified into four types. Other characters, such as morphology, decomposition of sugar, sensitivity to antibiotics, and allergenic capacity, were of little value for this purpose.
The four types were divided according to the following plan.
Type I: Survives at 60°C for one hour. Grows at 47°C. Distributed primarily in natural environments. Correspond to Mycobacterium phlei described in Bergey's Manual, 7th edition.
Type II: Fails to survive at 60°C for one hour. Grows at 47°C. Most of the strains utilize sodium oxalate. Distributed primarily in natural environments. Corresponds to Mycobacterium smegmatis in Bergey's Manual, 7th edition.
Type III: Fails to survive at 60°C for one hour. Fails to grow at 47°C. Grow on sorbit-NH4Cl, medium. Produces urease. Distributed primarily in the natural environments.
Type IV: Fails to survive at 60°C for one hour. Fails to grow at 47°C. Fails either to grow on. sorbit-NH4Cl medium or to produce urease. Distributed among animals. Divided into two subtypes.
Subtype 1: Fails to grow on sorbit-NH4Cl medium and to produce urease.
Subtype 2: Either grows on this medium or produces urease.
Fifteen strains of subtype 1 resemble Mycobacterium avium in all biological characters, except pathogenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (979K) -
II. Studies on Different Kinds of Serum Influencing Maintainance of the Infectious Activities of Myc. Lepraemurium in VitroMasahiro NAKAMURA1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 240-243
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Kumamoto strain of Myc. lepraemurium was suspended in M/20 Sörensen buffer (pH 7.0) con-taining a different kind of animal serum, that is, mouse, guinea pig, horse, cattle, rabbit, goat, sheep, and monkey, respectively, and was incubated at 37°C. for 30 days. Infectious activity of Myc. leprae-murium in each medium was tested by murine leprosy production; namely, two tenth ml of each medium containing the bacterial suspension was inoculated subcutaneously to mice after 10, 20, and 30 days of in-cubation, respectively, and mice tested were killed approximately five months after inoculation.
From the results obtained here, it would be presumed that cattle serum would be best, among sera tested, for maintaining the infectious activity of Myc. lepraemurium, because the bacterial suspension stored even for 30 days at 37°C. in the medium containing cattle serum could produce murine leprosy, whereas the infectivities of the bacilli stored in the medium containing other sera were lost for 20 days' incubation at 37°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
8f. In vitro transfer of cellular immunityKazuko SAITO, Ichiei SATO, Tokumitsu TANAKA, Susumu MITSUHASHI1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 244-249
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mouse super-immunized with live vaccine of Salmonella enteritidis acquired high antilethal resistance and survived intravenous injection with 1, 000 MLD of a fully virulent strain 116-54 of the same organism. In vitro studies demonstrated that the mononuclear phagocytes obtained from the abdominal cavity, liver or subcutaneous tissue of mouse super-immunized with live vaccine of S. enteritidisinhibited the intracellular multiplication of the same organism regardless of the presence of antibody in the cell culture medium, wherea3 the cells of mouse immunized with dead vaccine did not.
This paper deals with the in vitro transfer of cellular immunity of mouse super-immunized with live vaccine of S. enteritidis to the mononuclear phagocytes obtained from normal mice.
The supernatant fluid of monocyte culture (SFC) was obtained 24 hours after phagocytosis of heatkilled becteria from the cell culture of normal monocytes or the monocytes of immunized mouse. The SFC thus obtained was filtered through Millipore filter No.HA. When the normal monocytes were incubated for 3 days in cell culture medium containing 50% of SFC obtained from the monocytes of mouse immunized with live vaccine, the cells acquired the ability to inhibit the intracellular multiplication of virulent strain 116-54 and resisted the cellular degeneration caused by intracellular existence. of bacteria.
But the normal monocytes treated with FSC obtained from normal monocytes or from the monocytes of mouse immunized with dead vaccine were unable to inhibit the intracellular multiplication of bacteria, and the cells were destroyed.
The mechanism of antibacterial activity conferred by SFC of the mouse monocytes immunized with live vaccine of S. enteritidis is under investigation and will be described elswhere.View full abstractDownload PDF (2999K) -
Part 7. Influence of Chemotherapy against Primary Infection on Leproma Development of Superinfectionin Benign Mouse LeprosyYoichiro KAWAGUCHI1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 250-254
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the representative strain capable of showing the benign type leprosy, brown mice of (C57BL/6×CF1) F10 were used for this experiment. These mice were infected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with murine leprosy bacilli and then superinfected subcutaneously with INAH-resistant bacilli 6 weeks later. To examine the influence of primary infection on the leproma development of superinfection, the drug (INAH) administration was started on the 2nd day of superinfection and continued for 10 weeks. The results were judged by palpation of positive lesions at the challenged site.
A remarkable suppression of the leproma development of superinfection was observed in treated mice. This observation appears to indicate that the benign type lepromas of primary infection, though inhibited in their progress by INAH, conferred immunity to the superinfection.
On the other hand, it seemed that immunity did not develop when the mice were treated with INAH before establishment of the characteristic lesions of mouse leprosy.View full abstractDownload PDF (717K) -
Mannosuke TOMISAWA1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 255-258
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the 0 antigen titers and 0 antibody titers were measured by the precipitin reactions between 0 sera (0-1-0-5) and 0 antigens (0-1-0-5) of the Klebsiella group, antigen titers were found to be very low, being quite different from K antigens. Only 8 type antigens and 1 type antigen reacted with 0-1 serum and 0-3 serum, respectively, and other type antigens did not react with the 0 sera tested. 0 antignes, however, reacted with type sera. When K and 0 antibody titers of type sera and K and 0 antigen titers of type antigens were measured with K and 0 sera and type and 0 antigens, K antibody titers were much higher than 0 antibody titers, and K antigen titers were constantly much higher than 0 antigen titers.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
V. The Relationship between the Protein Part of the Endotoxin and the Protein Envelope of the Lysogenic PhageJ. Yuzuru HOMMA, Nachiko SUZUKI, Seiko FUKUYAMA1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 259-267
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe simple protein (LSAS) was isolated from the cell wall of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, A (α) strain. It is a higher molecular weight substance than the protein fraction (Orig. endot.-P) of the “Original endotoxin” which is isolated from the autolysate. Both proteins have the same potency in pyocine activity and the identical spectrum against sensible strains.
The LSAS anti-serum can neutralizeα, a lysogenic phage of A (α), against various kinds of the sensible strains. However, Original endotoxin and Orig. endot.-P anti-sera can not neutralize phageαagainst some of the sensible strains. The lipopolysaccharide anti-serum can not neutralize phageαagainst any kind of sensible strains.
Double lysogenic strain RV (α2, δ) was obtained when a lysogenic strain R (δ) was infected with Phage a of A (α) strain. From the results of phage neutralizing test and pyocine neutralizing test usingα, α2, LSAS, Orig. endot.-P and their sera, it was found that the protein envelope of lysogenic phageα2had some of the common serological specificities of the protein moieties (LSAS, Orig. endot.-P) of the endotoxin and the protein envelope of phage a. The results are same in another experiment using a system of A (α), E (β), and EV (α1, β) strains.
Considering these results, it may be said that the protein envelope of a lysogenic phage contains all or some of the protein moiety of the endotoxin in the cell wall. A strain E (β) is infected with an another kind of a lysogenic phage a and a double lysogenic strain EV (α1, β) is obtained. The protein envelope of the lysogenic phageα1has the common serological specificity with the cell wall protein of the strain A (α).View full abstractDownload PDF (1502K) -
Koomi KANAI1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 268-274
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStreptomycin-independent strains were isolated in vitro by a single step selection from a large cell population of a streptomycin-dependent strain of the tubercle bacillus designated as 18 b. These strains are not the same as the streptomycin-sensitive ancestor strain H2, but they can easily adapt themselves to higher concentrations of streptomycin. This adaptation is accelerated when Fe and pepton are added to growing environment or the oxygen pressure is lowered in the medium. Glycerol egg media are the far more favourable condition than Kirchner's agar slants for the adaptation. When caffein, 8-azaguanine or acriflavine is incorporated in sub-inhibitory concentrations into streptomycin-containing media, the adaptation is strongly or almost completely inhibited. Reversely, when those streptomycin-independent strains have once completed their adaptation to streptomycin, such purines inhibit their adaptation to streptomycinfree environment. In other words, the streptomycin-independent strains grown on streptomycin-containing media do not show any significant growth when subcultured onto the media free from streptomycin but added with the purines. The strains show a diauxie growth in response to added streptomycin when observation is made of the homogeneous growth in Tween-albumin medium. All these findings can be explained on an assumption that streptomycin-independent strains are neither streptomycin-sensitive norresistant, but they are reversely streptomycin-dependent. In response to the environmental conditions with or without streptomycin, those strains can make phenotypic adaptation expressing one of the two metabolic potentialities, nemely dependent or non-dependent to streptomycin. Caffein or 8-azaguanine can be considered to inhibit this phenotypic adaptation. The present observation are also discussed from the possibility that streptomycin-independent strains are a suppressor mutant.View full abstractDownload PDF (1152K) -
III. Intracerebrally and intrapulmonally inoculation with fat-coated bactedaSukeyoshi KUDOH1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 275-281
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen guinea pigs were inoculated intracerebrally with M. phlei coated with fat extracted from guinea pigs, the severe lesion confusing with tuberculous ones were observed markedly on the brain or other visera, as in the case of intraperitoneal inoculation described in the previous paper.
The guinea pigs inoculated with the fat-coated M. phlei in the route of intracerebra died within 10 days after infection in the dosis of 0.1mg, although the guinea pigs injected with the water-suspended M. phlei remained alive for a period of 16 days.
Numerous bacilli used were possible to detect from the brain or other viscera in the “fat-coated” Group, while none in the “water-suspended” Group.
Furthermore, the fat-coated M. phlei gave, also intrapulmonally, the severe lesions, and the longerterm remaining of bacilli in guinea pigs.
From the avove, it is considered to be a certain fact that the non-pathogenic acidfast bacteria are possible to obtain some pathogenicity in the case of fat-coating.View full abstractDownload PDF (5861K) -
I. On the clinical and pathological observations in the monkies introduced with Dysentery Bacilli into the stomach and the intestinal lumenNagao HAYASHI, Shigeo IWAHARA1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 282-285
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the experimental shigella infections in the monkies, four animals (two groups, 2 monkies each) were infected with young cultures of Shigella flexneri type 2a or 2b.
In the first group, each animal were administered directly into the stomach, 500-1000×108/kg of live organisms. Pretreatment was performed with one of the animals (5g·ENaHCO3was administered orally after one day starvation). Another was not pretreated.
In the second group, each animal were operated upon, and 50-200×108/kg of live organisms were injected directly into the intestinal tract. One of the animals was injected into the proximal duodenum, and another into the proximal caecum. The clinical and pathological observations were made.
The results were as follows:
1) In the comparatively young monky weighing 1.2 kg which was not pretreated, symptoms of acute bacillary dysentery were observed and the symptoms were closely resembled to those of acute bacillary dysentery which were seen in human beings.
2) The pretreated monky of the first group and two monkies of the second group excreted normal stool or had diarrhoea (watery, caddy and bloody stool).
One of these three monkies excreted dysentery bacilli. In any case, all three animals showed extremely severe general symptoms as compared with one which was not pretreated. These animals were followed by the death within 3-7 days after the infection.
Pathological changes were observed with various organs including brain, stomach, intestinal tract and liver etc.
The details will be published later.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
II. Research on the process of mitosis by electron- microscopyAkira YUASA, Masako OSUMI, Michiko MINETA1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 286-289
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the chromonemata and chromatin-granules are observed in the chromosome by electron-microscope.
2. At metaphase the nucleus changes to the spindle directly or the intranuclear spindle appears in the nucleus.
3. The spindle-fibers are recognized in the spindle at metaphase.View full abstractDownload PDF (4070K) -
V. On the nutrition requirements and reverse mutation of SM-small colony mutant strainDaiji MANO, Masaru KAWAKAMI1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 290-293
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied nutrition requirements of small colony mutants ofStaph. aureus, that are resistant to 10, 000γ/ml of SM, and also the resistance against SM, of large colony strain arising out of reverse mutation, and obtained the following results.
1. When cultured in the media containing hemoglobin, glutamic acid, glucose, glycerin, filtrate of live bacteria in culture, and filtrate of dead bacteria (killed by heating), there could be observed no accelerating action on the cell growth of these strains.
2. When cultured in the common agar medium containing 1% hemoglobin, there arose large colonies by reverse mutation, and likewise when cultured in the common agar containing the filtrate of live bacteria in culture, there developed many large colony mutants. In the case cultured in common agar plate medium there could be recognized a few large colony mutants.
3. We also attempted to restore the SM resistance of large colony mutant, namely, reverse-mutant strain, but could not recognize any change in the SM resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
II) Relation between Chloramphenicol Inactivation and Chloramphenicol Resistance in Various MicroorganismsSadao MIYAMURA, Shuzo OKETANI1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 294-296
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 588 strains. of Shigella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Morganella, Rettgerella, Providencia, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureusisolated from patients in this prefecture during last two years were examined. As the result, while most of chloramphenicol resistant strains of Shigella, Klebsiella, Morganella and Staphylococcus presented the chloramphenicol inactivation activity, the sensitive strains of the bacteria and all strains of Pseudomonas andCandidawere not. The data indicate that only acquired resistant strains show the chloramphenicol inactivation. In Proteus, no correlation has been show between the resistance and the inactivation. Other species of microorganisms were all sensitive to chloramphenicol and have no inactivation activity. Furthermore, the relationship was studied on transferred resistance in vitro. The resistant strains ofShigella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, SalmonellaandCitrobactertransferred from natural resistant Escherichia and Shigella also presented the chloramphenicol inactivation. Therefore, the chloramphenicol inactivation factor seems to be closely related to the resistant factor of bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
1962 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 297-313
Published: April 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3404K)
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