This report presents the results of an exfoliative cytologic diagnosis has been carried out on the normal prostate and the prostatic disease; (56 cases of prostatic hypertrophy; 21 of prostatic cancer; 7 of prostatism; 46 of prostatitis; and other). The description was made on each disease and the material was obtained by an improved digital massage in all cases. A drop of the expressed secretion was put on a glass slide, on which a thin film of Mayer's albumin had been spread to assure better adherence of the prostatic material. A second slide was placed on the first one and the two pulled apart, thus spreading a thin film of material on both slides. They were then fixed, stained by a technique developed by Papanicolaou.
Thus, in 21 cases of prostatic cancer, 14 cases or 66. 7 percent were diagnosed accurately by the prostatic smear and among which 3 patients were diagnosed as a prostatic hypertrophy by the digital examination.
The five cases of the false negative were the patients whose condition have been advanced to the last stage. Thus, the hardness of the prostate gland had been much advanced, consequently an adequate secretion was difficult to obtain. The 3 cases, the estrogen treatment has been applied for a long time.
In four cases cancer cells were appeared in cast-like structures. In all cases cancer cells appeared prominently in a crowding group. The sheets of cancer cells as appeared very frequently with the formation of dense group are trustworthy feature in the cytologic diagnosis, so that there is a close relationship in the histological view. In the secretion of tuberculosis of the prostate has often been recognized the presence of epithelioid cells, Langhans' cells, and connective tissue.
After the estrogen treatment against the prostatic cancer, the cell population in the secretion has been changed, thus the presence of “glycogenic” cells, large squamous cells and altered malignant cells were found. It is suggested that the cell changes in prostatic smear can be used as an additional guide in hormonal treatment of carcinoma of the prostate.
The practice is very easy thus, the early diagnosis has not yet been made at the present stage of advancement, this method is one of the most important supplemental diagnosis.

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