Urinary excretion of electrolytes in patients with urinary calculi was statistically compared with those in normal persons. The materials used in the present study were 50 cases with urinary calculi and 20 normal persons.
1) Urinary excretion of Ca.
Urinary excretion of Ca was found to be increased, compared with the normal persons (P<0.05). Of the 50 patients with urinary calculi 23 (46%) showed a larger excretion rate than the normal persons, and 8 cases (16%) showed hypercalciuria of more than 300mg/day.
2) Urinary excretion of phosphate.
No significant difference was observed in the amount of urinary phosphate between the stone patients and normal persons.
3) Urinary excretion of sodium.
No significant difference was seen in the amount of urinary sodium between the stone patients and the normal persons. However, in the stone patients urinary sodium was relatively decreased, when urinary Na/Ca ratio was observed (P<0.05).
4) Ratio of urinary Ca to urinary osmotic pressure.
In the stone patients 24 hour urinary osmotic pressure was decreased, compared to urinary Ca excretion (P<0.05), and so-called “relative hypercalciuria” was observed.
5) Urinary excretion of Mg.
No significant difference was seen in the urinary excretion of Mg between the stone patients and normal persons. No significant difference was seen in urinary Mg/P ratio.
6) Urinary excretion of Zn.
Marked decrease in urinary excretion of Zn was observed in the stone patients, compared with the normal persons (P<0.01).

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Intermittent self-catheterization needs only to carry a catheter and to catheterize himself using non-sterile technique at regular intervals. This method is supposed to be the best one for patients who spend the active social life. When family cooperation is available, this can be applied to the bed confined patients with more cleanliness, lesser complications and easier management than with indwelling catheter, cystostomy or other urinary diversions.
For patients with spinal cord injury, this technique is useful to promote an early return of bladder activity and catheter-free life. This method is also an ideal one for children with meningomyelocele, after the upper tract has been maintained carefully by indwelling catheter or cystostomy until they become able to catheterize by themselves. In these cases small capacity bladder may be enlarged using colon and severe urinary incontinence may be corrected by other operative procedure.
Twenty-six patients including one with the longest 17 years follow-up were treated by this technique. Upper tract deterioration was not observed and urine was maintained sterile in 39% of cases.

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A 47 year-old female was admitted to the Hospital because of unknown fever and general malaise. She was found to show extremely high serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-P) without metastasis or cardiac insufficiency, which came down to normal with improvement of clinical symptoms 2 weeks after surgery.
Electrophoretic study of alkaline phosphatase from serum, urine, normal renal cortex and tumor confirmed that elevated activity of serum alkaline phosphatase was caused by the tumor itself. Alkaline phosphatase isozyme secreted from the tumor was spotted at the same area at Al-P₁ by the current gel agar method. On the other hand alkaline phosphatase isozyme from normal renal cortex appeared at the same area as Al-P₃ on electrophoresis. However, it was proved to be different from Al-P₃ by the inhibition tests by phenylalanine, urea, EDTA and heating.

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Out of 150 patients with trumatic spinal cord injury admitted to the Chiba Rosai Hospital for the 10 years since its opening in February 1965, 75 cases admitted immediately after the injury were divided into 3 groups according to the drainage method; 48 cases of the group 1 by simple indwelling urethral catheter, 19 cases of the group 2 by closed and aseptic indwelling urethral catheter, and 8 cases of the group 3 by suprapubic cystostomy kept under closed and aseptic state. Statistical evaluations were made on each group concerning the complications in the upper and lower urinary tract, changes of urinary bacteria, and ultimate voiding efficiency.
In the group 2 and 3 subjected to aseptic control, the complications of the bladder and upper urinary tract tended to occur far infrequently comparing to the group 1, and the urethral complications due to foreign material in the urethra tended to be least in the group 3. Therefore, suprapubic cystostomy under the closed and aseptic conditions could be regarded as the most suitable method for the control of urinary tract in the acute stage. We particularly found out that it was important to keep the urethra free from urethral injury by the indwelling catheter for the subsequent acquirement of efficient self-urination. We also concluded from 10 years' experiences that careful control such as aseptic drainge method should be made at the acute stage, that renal functions should be carefully checked during the period of bladder training after the removal of catheter, and that, if renal functions tended to be deteriorating, reintroduction of temporal catheter drainage should be considered, while care should be taken not to discourage the patients for training of urination because of the fear of autonomic hyperreflexia. Anti-alpha-adrenergic drugs which became recently available for improving the bladder function and preventing autonomic hyperreflexia, are useful for the management of the patients. At the end, we would like to stress that conservative therapies using these anti-alpha-adrenergic drugs combined with the conventional cholinergic drugs and waitful observations are the best method for the patients with traumatic spinal lesion.

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Using a new type of equipment for transrectal ultrasonotomography 174 human subjects with or without prostatic diseases were examined.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) It was found from our investigation that transrectal scanning was the most accurate method for the estimation of prostatic size and weight. Measurements in normal subjects and cases of Klinefelter's syndrome, prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic cancer were shown in Table 2.
2) It became clear that digital examination had some drawbacks to estimating accurate prostatic size.
3) As a rule, a basic shape of the normal prostate on horizontal section showed a symmetrical triangular pattern. On the other hand, the typical hypertrophic prostate had a symmetrical round pattern and the cancer prostate had an asymmetrical semilunar or round pattern.
4) The distribution of echo spots inside the prostatic region was regular in usual cases and irregular in most cancer cases.
5) The continuity of echo pattern from prostatic capsule was also regular in usual cases and irregular in most cancer cases. This irregularity was thought to be due to cancer infiltration.
6) The staging of prostatic cancer by palpation was occasionally not strict as compared with that by ultrasonotomography.

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A 28-year-old man who had been treated with several kinds of antibiotics and antipyretics for acute tonsillitis developed acute renal failure with high fever, generalized skin rush and eosinophilia. He was treated successfully by administration of adrenal corticosteroids and peritoneal dialysis. Kidney biopsy demonstrated diffuse interstitial infiltration with small lymphocytes, plasma cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes with relatively intact tubules, vessels and glomeruli, which was compatible with acute interstitial nephritis. Immunofluorescence studies of biopsied kidney sections revealed no deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA or β₁C. Repeated blood and urine cltures were negative for bacteria. The findings may support the suggestion that delayed-type hypersensitivity is the cause of the acute interstitial nephritis, and the drugs used in this patient such as cephalexin, cephalothin or aminopyrine were suspected to be the cause of the delayed-type hypersensitivity.

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