巻号一覧
91 巻, 12 号
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櫻庭 春彦2017 年 91 巻 12 号 p. 677-687
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2018/12/31
ジャーナル フリーHyperthermophiles are a group of microorganisms that have their optimum growth temperature above 80ºC. Most hyperthermophiles belong to Archaea, the third domain of life. Much attention has been paid on their unique metabolic pathways and related enzymes which are not found in Eukarya and Bacteria. During our study on characteristic synthetic pathways of amino acids and phospholipids in hyperthermophilic archaea, we found out that two kinds of NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenases functioning as the key enzyme in each synthetic pathway exhibited a novel cofactor-binding mode. One enzyme is homoserine dehydrogense involved in the biosynthetic pathway from aspartate to homoserine, which is a common precursor for the synthesis of three amino acids, methionine, threonine, and isoleucine. The other is glycerol1-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in the synthesis of sn-glycerol-1-phosphate, which is an archaeaspeci¿c glycerophosphate backbone of phospholipids. We analyzed the crystal structures of these enzymes and determined the factors responsible for their cofactor-binding mode. As a result, it became clear that both enzymes exhibited a novel cofactor selectivity. This ¿nding suggests the presence of diversity in the decision mechanism of the cofactor speci¿city for the two NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenases. Therefore, future elucidation of the regulatory function of the two kinds of NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenases in their related metabolic system is awaited.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1289K) -
大学生を対象にしたビタミン関連用語の認知度調査の結果から阿部 稚里, 阪野 朋子, 内田 友乃, 佐野 可奈, 池田 彩子2017 年 91 巻 12 号 p. 688-695
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2018/12/31
ジャーナル フリーJapanese people learn the basics of nutrition in elementary and secondary education and further deepen their knowledge in higher education. However, there is no survey research to clarify how much knowledge on vitamins Japanese people have obtained from nutrition in these educations. We attempted to clarify the degree of establishment of vitamin learning in elementary and secondary education and the situation of vitamin learning in higher education by investigating the degree of recognition of vitamin-related terms for college students. The recognition of 37 words of vitamin-related terms described in the textbooks of home economics and science in elementary, junior high, and high schools was examined for 1,134 students enrolled in university or junior college. The vitamin-related terms included 13 words of vitamins, 8 words of the chemical names of vitamins, 9 words of provitamins, and 7 words of coenzymes. Students majoring in the food-related field showed a high degree of recognition of vitamin-related terms and had a certain level of knowledge on the physiological effects of vitamins and vitamin-rich foods. On the other hand, students majoring in other fields had a low degree of recognition of vitamins, and their Nnowledge on the physiological effects of vitamins and vitamin-rich foods was poor. These results suggest that little knowledge on the physiological effects of vitamins and foods rich in vitamins has been obtained in elementary and secondary education, although vitamin learning in higher education is effective.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (886K) -
梅垣 敬三, 尾関 彩, 西島 千陽, 佐藤 陽子, 千葉 剛2017 年 91 巻 12 号 p. 696-701
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2018/12/31
ジャーナル フリーThere is concern about the occurrence of adverse events related to the use of supplements containing vitamins and minerals, but the actual condition is not understood well. Therefore, we examined the characteristics of adverse events due to the use of supplements containing vitamins and minerals by extracting the adverse events from the database in “Information system on safety and effectiveness for health food(HFNET)”, which collects health food reports both inside and outside the country. Eighty-five adverse cases (domestic 24, foreign 61) were extracted from the HFNET by July 2016. The data revealed that the causal factors of adverse events due to the use of supplements containing vitamins and minerals were their overdose, their use as the medicine, their concomitant use with other medicines, and their use by infants and sick people. Although many cases were due to the use of vitamin D supplement, most of the cases were related with its overdose found in overseas. To ensure the safety of supplements containing vitamins and minerals, it would be necessary to pay attention to their use by vulnerable individuals including infants and sick people, their overdose, and their use in combination with other medicines.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (731K) -
日野 李保, 北風 智也, 原田 直樹, 山地 亮一2017 年 91 巻 12 号 p. 702-705
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2018/12/31
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (840K) -
藤岡 由夫2017 年 91 巻 12 号 p. 706-710
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2018/12/31
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (726K) -
2017 年 91 巻 12 号 p. 711-715
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2018/12/31
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (739K)
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