Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D) levels in children with epilepsy were examined by anticonvulsants, that is, phenobarbital (PB), diphenylhidantoin (DPH) and sodium valproate (VPA) . Serum Ca, P, AP, GPT, GOT, LDH, and γ-GTP levels were also measured and compared. 1. Serum 25-OH-D_3 levels were significantly lower in the groups of PB (p<0.01), DPH (p<0.001) and Multiple-therapy except VPA (p<0.01) than in the normal controls, while the groups of VPA and Multiple-therapy including VPA did not significantly differ from the normal controls. 2. In all the groups, serum Ca, P, AP, GPT, GOT, LDH and γ-GTP levels were within the normal range. When compared with the normal controls, serum Ca levels tended to decrease in the groups of DPH (p<0.001) and Multiple-therapy except VPA (p<0.01), and serum A1-p levels tended to increase in the PB (p<0.01) and DPH (p<0.01) groups. 3. 25-OH-D_2, an exogeneous vitamin D, was little detected in the blood in all the groups. 4. Seasonal variation of the serum 25-OH-D_3 level was examined in the groups of PB and DPH. The levels in summer were almost twice as high as those in spring. Thus, it is reconfirmed that seasonal identity is important for comparison of 25-OH-D_3 levels. 5. Correlation of serum 25-OH-D_3 levels to the treatment period was examined. A slight, negative correlation (p<0.05) was determined only in the DPH group. 6. No correlation was obtained between serum drug concentrations and 25-OH-D_3 levels.

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