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MASANORI OKANISHI, KAZUYA KATAGIRI, TAMOTSU FURUMAI, KATSUO TAKEDA, KA ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
99-108
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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To develop a host-vector system in streptomycetes for DNA cloning, we examined the technical problems encountered and the conditions required for use of
Streptomyces kasugaensis MB273 as the host. Basic techniques, such as plasmid DNA isolation, regeneration of mycelia from protoplasts and elimination of plasmids from cells were investigated. These techniques were found to be useful for many streptomycetes. Strain M518, a derivative of
S. kasugaensis MB273, was found to have the following useful characteristics as a host. The plasmids of MB273 were easily cured by regeneration of mycelia from protoplasts. The protoplasts prepared from M518 regenerated mycelia at high frequency using an improved method and were efficiently transformed by plasmid DNA. The extra and intra cellular DNase activities were very weak, and no restriction endonuclease activity was detected. The sensitivity to various antibiotics was determined. This strain did not show any pathogenicity in mice nor suvival in the digestive organs of rats. MB273 and its derivatives died rather quickly in natural soil. M518 still forms aerial mycelial conidia. These results indicate that
S. kasugaensis M518, derived from MB273, has useful characteristics as a host for DNA cloning. The techniques thus developed were found to be useful in other streptomycetes.
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SATOSHI OMURA, YUZURU IWAI, AKIRA NAKAGAWA, RIMIKO IWATA, YOKO TAKAHAS ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
109-114
Published: 1983
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A new antibiotic, thiotetromycin, has been isolated from the culture filtrate of
Streptomyces sp. OM-674 by solvent extraction and silica gel chromatography. The molecular formula of the antibiotic has been determined as C
13H
18O
2S on the basis of elemental analysis and its high resolution mass spectrometry. The antibiotic contains a thiotetronic acid in the molecule and possesses a selective activity against
Bacteroides fragilis.
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SHIGEHARU INOUYE, MICHIO KOJIMA, TAKASHI SHOMURA, KATSUYOSHI IWAMATSU, ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
115-124
Published: 1983
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By the use of HPLC technique after treatment with β-lactamases, two novel cephamycins, SF-1623 and SF-1623B, were discovered and isolated from the fermentation broth of
Streptomyces chartreusis SF-1623. The structures of SF-1623 and SF-1623B were determined to contain 3-sulfothiomethyl and 3-hydroxymethyl groups respectively, by chemical and enzymatic transformation reactions. Studies on the fermentation condition and process for the large scale preparation of antibiotic SF-1623 are also described.
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III. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROMONOSPORA SAGAMIENSIS MUTANTS BLOCKED IN GENTAMICIN C1 PATHWAY
YOSHIHIRO ODAKURA, HIROSHI KASE, KIYOSHI NAKAYAMA
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
125-130
Published: 1983
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Production of sagamicin and gentamicin C
1 in
Micromonospora sagainiensis was regulated by cobalt ion. In a parental strain, KY11510, cobalt ion stimulated gentamicin C
1 production and suppressed sagamicin production. By ultraviolet light or
N-methyl-
N'-nitro-
N-nitrosoguanidine treatment, six mutants blocked in gentamicin C
1 biosynthesis were obtained from KY11510. These mutants were classified into two types. The first type, four mutants, produced no gentamicin C
1 even when cobalt ion was added to the fermentation. The second type, two mutants, produced a small amount of gentamicin C
1 when a high concentration of cobalt ion was added. Based on biotransformation experiments, these mutants appeared to be blocked at the 6'-C-methylation step in the biosynthesis of gentamicin C
1. The mutants showed an increased production of sagamicin. In addition, cobalt ion stimulated sagamicin production in the mutants. The mechanism of cobalt regulation in the parent and the mutants is discussed.
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R. H. BALTZ, E. T. SENO, J. STONESIFER, G. M. WILD
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
131-141
Published: 1983
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The efficiencies of bioconversion of twenty-three potential intermediates in the biosynthesis of tylosin were determined with a mutant strain blocked only in tylactone biosynthesis. The results indicated that tylactone, the first intermediate excreted by
Streptomyces fradiae, is converted to tylosin by a preferred sequence of reactions which include: (1) addition of mycaminose to the C-5 hydroxyl position of the lactone; (2) hydroxylation of the C-20 methyl group to a hydroxymethyl group; (3) dehydrogenation of the C-20 hydroxymethyl group to a formyl group; (4) hydroxylation of the C-23 methyl group to a hydroxymethyl group; (5) addition of 6-deoxy-D-allo se to the C-23 hydroxymethyl group; (6) addition of mycarose to the 4'-hydroxyl group of mycaminose; (7) addition of a methyl group to the 2'''-hydroxyl position of demethylmacrocin, and (8) addition of a methyl group to the 3'''-hydroxyl position of macrocin to produce tylosin. The intermediates which lacked both neutral sugars (mycarose and 6-deoxy-D-allose) were biologically unstable, and substantial quantities of these compounds were degraded during standard bioconversion experiments. However, the amount of one such intermediate (
O-mycaminosyltylonolide) degraded was substantially reduced when low concentrations of the compound were used for bioconversion, and under these conditions, much higher efficiencies of bioconversion to tylosin were obtained. We have shown that a mutant blocked in hydroxylation of the C-20 methyl group is also blocked in the further dehydrogenation of the C-20 hydroxymethyl group to a formyl group, and have confirmed in
in vitro studies that the 2'''-
O-methylation of demethylmacrocin must proceed the 3'''-
O-methylation of macrocin to produce tylosin.
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THE STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF TOMAYMYCIN ON THE BASIS OF NMR SPECTRA
ZENZABURO TOZUKA, TAKAO TAKAYA
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
142-146
Published: 1983
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The structure of an antitumor antibiotic, tomaymycin, was determined as (11
R, 11a
S) (
E)-2-ethylidene-2, 3, 5, 10, 11, 11a -hexahydro-8-hydroxy-7, 11-dimethoxy-5-oxo-1H -pyrrolo(2, 1-c)-(1, 4)benzodiazepine on the basis of
1H and
13C NMR spectra.
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MITSUYOSHI WAGATSUMA, MASAHIKO SETO, TOSHIKAZU MIYAGISHIMA, MITSUTAKA ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
147-154
Published: 1983
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In order to improve the antibacterial activity of aminobenzylpenicillin, penicillin derivatives having an asparagine moiety in the 6-acyl side chain (
11a-g, 12a, b, f, g) were synthesized. The structure-activity relationship of new penicillins,
N4-alkyl-asparaginylaminobenzylpenicillins, was investigated.N
4-Methyl-D-asparaginylamoxicillin(
11a), TA-058, was found to possess a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In acute toxicity, TA-058 showed good tolerance in mice (LD
50›10 g/kg, i.v.).
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THE EFFECT OF MARASMIC ACID ON NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM
J. KUPKA, T. ANKE, K. MIZUMOTO, B.-M. GIANNETTI, W. STEGLICH
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
155-160
Published: 1983
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From submerged cultures of
Lachnella villosa, Lachnella sp. 541, and
Peniophora laeta we isolated marasmic acid (1), a metabolite first described from surface cultures of
Marasmius conigenus. The sesquiterpenoid exhibits potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. In cells of the ascitic form of Ehrlich carcinoma RNA and DNA syntheses are preferentially inhibited. Marasmic acid inhibits RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei, but does not interfere with the transport of nucleoside precursors into the cells. RNA polymerase II and capping enzyme (mRNA guanylyltransferase), two enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism, are markedly affected after preincubation with marasmic acid. We assume that marasmic acid acts on nucleic acid syntheses by direct inhibition of some of the enzymes involved. This mode of action would also explain its mutagenic properties.
The preparation and testing of two derivatives,
2 and
3, revealed that the α, β-unsaturated aldehyde is essential for the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of marasmic acid.
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SARAH F. GRAPPEL, LILLIAN PHILLIPS, HUGH B. LEWIS, D. GWYN MORGAN, PAU ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
161-166
Published: 1983
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A mouse model was developed which would simulate a surgical wound infection. The model consists of an infected foreign body granuloma which is induced by implanting, subcutaneously, a filter paper disk saturated with carrageenan and a suitable number of bacteria to initiate infection. The ability of cefonicid and cefamandole, administered one hour prior to implantation, to prevent establishment of infection with several bacterial species, including
Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli, was compared. A single 40 mg/kg dose of cefonicid administered subcutaneously prior to disk implantation protected against the establishment of the local infection, peritonitis and dissemination of the infecting organism to the systemic organs. A similar dose of cefamandole had no effect on the progress of the infections. The local as well as the systemic responses of the mice were characterized. Both the hematologic and the histopathologic pictures of the cefonicid-treated groups resembled those of the uninfected control groups. The response in groups treated with cefamandole resembled the untreated, infected controls. Both cefonicid and cefamandole penetrated into the implanted disk. However, only cefonicid could still be detected four hours after administration.
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JUN'ICHI SHOJI, RYUZI SAKAZAKI, KOICHI MATSUMOTO, TATSUO TANIMOTO, YOS ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
167-169
Published: 1983
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ANN MARIE TILLMAN, DAVID E. CANE
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
170-172
Published: 1983
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II. CITRININ, A NEW INDUCER OF THE DIFFERENTIATION OF M1 CELLS
AKIRA KAWASHIMA, MASAYA NAKAGAWA, YOICHI HAYAKAWA, HIROYUKI KAWAI, HAR ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
173-174
Published: 1983
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MITSUO HAYASHI, KENJI KINOSHITA, YASUHIRO SUDATE, SHUZO SATOI, HIDEO S ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
175-178
Published: 1983
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WILLIAM V. CURRAN, ADMA A. ROSS
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
179-180
Published: 1983
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DROCOURT DANIEL, GERARD TIRABY
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
181-183
Published: 1983
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HIROSHI OGAWA, SATOSHI IMAI, ATSUYUKI SATOH, MICHIO KOJIMA
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
184-186
Published: 1983
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GÜNTER LAZAR, HANS ZÄHNER, MANFRED DAMBERG, AXEL ZEECK
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
187-189
Published: 1983
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EDWARD MEYERS, RAYMOND COOPER, WILLIAM H. TREJO, NAFSIKA GEORGOPAPADAK ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
190-193
Published: 1983
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KUNIAKI HOSONO, HIDEO SUZUKI
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
194-196
Published: 1983
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TATEAKI WAKAMIYA, TETSUO SHIBA
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
197-199
Published: 1983
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YOSHIKI KUMADA, TOSHIAKI MIWA, NORIYUKI NAOI, KIYOSHI WATANABE, HIROSH ...
1983 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages
200-202
Published: 1983
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