Observations of the blood and the bone marrow in murine typhus and of the influences of chemotherapy were performed on the patients who were admitted to our hospital since the winter of 1947. They were classified into three groups; nonspecific therapy group of 55 patients, paraaminobenzoic acid group of 25, and antibiotic groups of 43 (that is, AM group 10, TM group 11, CM group 11, IT group 7 and other 4). The subsidence of fever was most rapid in the antibiotic groups, especially in the AM group.
No significant difference was noted among these three groups as to the number of erythrocytes or the level of hemoglobin concentration. Thrombocytes decreased during the febrile stage, but increased promptly thereafter, the increase in defervescence being most rapid in the antibiotic groups AM and TM. Megacaryocytes also increased with the fall of fever.
Bone marrow cells decreased in the febrile period, and statistically a negative correlation was found between the temperature and the number of bone marrow cells. Erythrocytes in the peripheral blood reached their maximum counts at the end of the second week, decreasing thereafter gradually to their normal values.
During the febrile stage neutrophil leucocytes increased in all groups but the so-called neutrophil cell reaction was slightest in the antibiotic groups, so that the author assumed that the antibiotics may control the neutrophil cell reaction when they are applied early. Neutrophils in the bone marrow, especially the younger forms such as metamyelocytes, myelocytes, promyelocytes, were above the normal counts in fever, but stab and segment cells were below normal, giving the impression that they were actively mobilized into peripheral blood.
Lymphocytes increased markedly in defervescence and showed a remarkable negative correlation to fever. Monocytes reached their maximum counts at the end of the second week, and plasma cells on the 12th day of illness.
The titers of the Weil-Felix reaction and the complement fixation reaction and the levels of gamma-globulin were all elevated parallel to the increase of peripheral lymphocyte counts in defervescence, whereas plasma cells in peripheral blood as well as in the bone marrow, showed a fluctuation reverse to that of the above-mentioned quantities.
Note: AM Aureomycin
TM Terramycin
CM Chloromycetin
IT Ilotycin

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The so-called Boivin-type antigen (CF) was extracted from the bacillary body of Vi-type typhoid bacilli with N/4 trichloracetic acid and submitted to the following experiments for the study of Vi-antigen.
1) The toxicity of CF was reduced by the action of f ormalin f or 4 days at pH 7.8 and 37°C, contrary to the other endotoxins so far examined. The antigenicity of Vi-antigen, however, remained unchanged.
2) The fraction of CF, precipitated by Rivanol, had approximately the same property of the original CF, and retained high toxicity and antigenicity, The supernatant fluid had only slight toxicity and antigenicity.
3) The fraction of CF, precipitated by potassium alum, had lesser toxicity but more distinguished antigenicity in comparison with the fraction precipitated by Rivanol. The supernatant fraction was free from Vi-antigen and contained O-antigen alone. The amount of toxic and antigenic substance in the supernatant fluid was so small that the greater part of CF-antigen could be regarded to be present in the precipitate. This represented a noteworthy contrast to the fact, that the CF-antigen, derived from Strain O-901, was not precipitated by potassium alum.
4) Digestion with trypsin or pepsin reduced the toxicity of CF-antigen below a half of that of the original antigen. Although the Vi-antigen was still demonstrable in the digestion product by means of a precipitation test, it failed to stimulate the production of Vi-antibody, because the Vi-antigen was haptenized. The digestion product was inferior to the original CF in its capacity of the protection against infection. These results indicated a protein nature of the Vi-antigen.
5) From the floccule, produced by the addition of anti-Vi and anti-O sera to CF, Vi-antigen was recovered as a haptene and O-antigen as a perf ect antigen by means of the digestion procedure with trypsin. By the combination of both components, however, the Vi-antigen could not be reproduced as a perfect antigen.

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