The persistence and multiplication of intestinal bacteriae were investigated with the mice, and on the other hand the problem of immunity in the “Coli-enteritis” of infants and young children was studied.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) E. coli 0-55: K59 (B5): 116, made resistant against streptomycin, was given by the stomach tube to the mice administered streptemycin per os. It persisted and multiplied in the intestine, causing many clinical signs such as loose stool, raising-hair, crouch, slow movement, etc. The agent exhibited the same degree of persistence and multiplication and also the similar clinical signs with the mice above mentioned, when given again in a certain period following the first experiment. Similar results were obtained in the experiment with Citrobacter (Ballerup 203 strain) and Shigella flexneri 2b strain.
2) Citrobacter (Ballerup 203 strain) was given to the mice highly immunized with the same strain. Only a little difference was recognized in the persistence and multiplication between the immunized and non-immunized group. It demonstrated, however, somewhat less clinical signs and symptoms in the immunized group. The experiment with Shigella flexneri 2b resulted in similarity.
3) Regardless of the dosage and type of the vaccine (alkohol or chrome vaccine), the effect of vaccination was hardly observed in the “coli-enteritis” of infants and young children.
4) In the epidemic of the pathogenic E. coli many cases of reinfection or superinfection occurred with the same or different type. Primary infection hardly endowed any immunologic capacity to inhibit the persistence and multiplication of the same type of the organism in the case of reinvasion to the children. Conclusively an acquired natural immunity might be hardly expected against the enteritis caused by E. coli.

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Twenty two strains of Shigella, 2 of Salmonella, 1 of each of E. coll. 0-26, 0-55 and 0-75, and 6 of citrobacter (Bethesda group) were isolated from the patients suffering from diarrhea in a village, Ujiie, Tochigi Prefecture during the period from July to October, 1956.
Of the 22 strains of Shigella isolated, four were found to be identical with the Sh. flexneri lc (1: 7 (8, 9)) reported by Ohashi et al. Among the four patients, from whom the Sh. flexneri lc was isolated, two demonstrated simple acute colitis, while dysenteric symptoms became manifest in the other two. Furthermore, from one of the cases, Sh. flexneri 3a and E. coli 0-75 were also isolated at the same time.
Antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that the growth of the strains in question was inhibited by streptomycin, oxy-tetracline and chlor-tetracycline at a concentration of 0.1μg/cc and by chloramphenicol at 0.5μT/cc.

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Fourty three patients of bacillary dysentery were given sodium methansulfonicum of colimycin, extracted from the filtrate of broth culture of Aerobacillus polymixa var. colistinus for the purpose of clinical and bacteriological studies of this antibiotic. Thirty miligrams per Kg of body weight daily were given in the interval of 4 hours for 5 days.
Sixteen cases were treated with Co-S alone, and 27 cases combined with streptomycin (SM) in the dosis of 20 mg/Kg. The results were as follows.
1. Regarding the frequency of diarrhea and the duration of pathological secretion in stools no significant difference or rather a slight protraction was noted, as compared with chloramphenicol (CM), tetracyclin (TC) alone or the combined use of CM and SM.
2. Dysentery bacilli in the stool disappeared with Co-S in as many days as with other antibiotics. The re-excretion of the bacilli after the conclusion of the therapy was observed in 50% with Co-S alone, 7.4 % with the combined use of Co-S and SM. This therapeutic effect is better than that of the other antibiotics except TC and almost the same as that of the combined use of CM and SM.
3. All the 25 strains, of which 13 were highly resistant to CM, SM and TC, demons trated sensitivity of 0.78 γ/cc-1.56 γ/cc against Co-S in vitro.
4. Conclusively, Co-S in alone use proved to be more effective against bacillary dysentery than the sulfonamides and, though less effective than the other antibiotics, it is worthwhile to apply if combined with SM in the cases with CM-, SM- and TC-resistant strains.

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