It was reported by Kimata (1953) that Achromobacter histaminium with a remarkable histidine-decarboxylating ability, which was regarded as a new species, was isolated from the surface of fresh fishes at a rate of 0.1% by himself.
It was revised, however, by him later that most of these new species were Morganella morganii.
These Morganella morganii could be also isolated at a rate of 60% from fresh slices of fishes and at a rate of 5.28 to 3.68% from stools of healthy persons by the authors, moreover, these species isolated were found to have histidine-decarboxylating abilities.
From these results, the histamine was considered to be an important factor of the food poisoning caused by this species.
Regarding the quantity of histamine, in the food poisoning test of Masuzumi (1956) on the trout-emulsion medium, vomiting was caused in kittens weighing 650 to 810 gm. by oral administration of 25 ml of Seitz filtrate containing 15 to 20 mg. of histamine.
In the authors' test, however, the oral administration of 135 mg. histamine per kilo body weight of kitten could just cause vomiting in them, and as much as 7 times doses of the Seitz filtrate containing histamine was needed in a single administration to induce the vomiting in kittens.
From these phenomena, it was presumed that some other factors besides histamine would play a role in the food poisoning as a concomitant and that the results reported by Miyaki (1954) and Kawabata (1955) et al. should be taken into consideration to study the cause of the food poisoning.

View full abstract

In this paper, the distribution of the coli-form bacteria in milk and it's histamine producing activity was studied in view of food sanitation.
Two hundred ninety seven strains were isolated from milk by the authors and were classified into the following types.
E. coli I, II types 9.6%, Intermediate I, II types 56.5%, A. aerogenes I, II types 14.8%.
These results were different from their distribution in the human stool.
Moreover, their histamine producing activity was examined with the result that 63% of intermediate types produced histamine (cf. E. coli 31.9%, A. aerogenes 3.1%).
It might be concluded that coli-form bacteria containing many intermediate types, especially in milk, are important not only as the indicator of contamination, but also as the cause of food poisoning, newborn diarrhoea and etc.

View full abstract

Pneumococci sepsis of mice was experimentally treated with Tetracycline (Tc) and Leucomycin (LM) together with Cortisone (Cs). The following results were obtained.
1) The therapeutic effects of Tc and LM on mice pneumococci infection were not prevented by Cs when the total dose of Tc exceeded the curative dose and hindered by Cs when the dose was below the curative dose.
2) The hindrance on therapeutic effects was most strongly manifested by 0.5 mg of Cs and became gradually decreased in order by the doses of 0.05 and 0.005 mg.
3) It was observed that Cs had a tendency to aggravate existing sepsis.
4) Mice pneumococci infection was experimentally treated with bacteriostatic drugs such as Tc and LM together with Cs. No beneficial effects were observed, however, by the combined use of these drugs by the method which the author adopted.

View full abstract

The classification of staphylococcus has been made according to pigment-producing abilities or properties on cultivation. Several investigations on serological classification have also been reported. However, the establishment of serological classification has been made difficult because of spontaneous agglutination in certain strains of staphylococcus which takes place in the presence of physiological saline solution.
It was found by the authors that the treatment of the bacilli with 2% NaOH completely inhibited the spontaneous agglutination and thus a homogeneous bacillary suspension was easily obtained. By using immune serum obtained by immunizing rabbits with this suspension as antigen the following results were obtained.
1) From six antigenically different strains (SCA-2, SCA-6, SCA-12, SCA-13 and SCA-24 were isolated from foods which presumably, caused poisoning and SCA-32 isolated from purulent lesion) which were selected as standard strains, were prepared five factor sera which specifically agglutinate these standard strains, and one serum which contains a common antibody.
2) Three hundreds and forty six strains of staphylococci isolated from various materials were classified into five types and sixteen sub-types. Several strains could not, however, be classified.
3) Staphylococci belonging to type 1 and type 2 are considered to be pathogenic.
4) Only staphylococci of type 1 and type 2 are sensitive to phages. Serological classification is, therefore, desirable as a screening test before determination of phage types.
5) This form of classification is considered to have a practical value.

View full abstract

7-globulin with neutralization index of 18, 700-82, 000 was prepared in the following method: horse serum hyper-immunized by the mouse-adapted measles virus was, after digestion by pepsin, treated with ethanol in a low temperature according to the Deutsch method.
This preparation consisted of 81%γ-globulin, 14%β-globulin, 5%α-globulinand 0% albumin.
This γ-globulin, when injected into the human body, elevated the neutralization antibody titer in 4-6 days to the maximum. Thereafter, the titer decreased rapidly because of the excretion out of the body within about 2 weeks.
This γ-globulin proved effective even 3 days after inoculation of the virus to the mice, i. e. at or after the onset of the disease.
Six out of 8 measles infants responded excellently to this γ-globulin. The Debre-Keller phenomenon was observed, when it was intracutaneously injected before the exanthematic stage.
Extension of the incubation period and shortening of the disease period were observed in 2 cases where the γ-globulin was prophylactically used.
Shinozuka and Murashima obtained with the same γ-globulin the following prophylactic results: by the γ-globulin with neutralization index around 80, 000, 7 out of 10 cases were completely prevented from the disease and another one case became ill on the 22nd day of presumed incubation period, showing only 37.5°C of maximum temperatiure. No unfavourable reactions such as shock were noticed with twice purified material. The pain was not greater than that cause by procain-penicillin. Yanagizawa demonstrated propylactic as well as therapeutic effect in 10 out of 11 cases. This γ-globulin was found effective in the dosis of over 3, 000 neutralization index per kg of body weight (5 cc was injected. For example, 10 kg infants were given 5 cc of γ-globulin with 30, 000 neutralization index or 2.5 cc of 60, 000 neutralization index.)

View full abstract

Determination of blood chemocorticoid and eosinophil-test were carried out with “ekiri”-, dysentery- and healthy infants.
1. In “ekiri”-patients, blood chemocorticoid value rose markedly in the first stage, fell rapidly in the course of illness, to reach gradually the normal value in the convalescent stage.
2. Mortal cases of “ekiri”demonstrated at the admission as well as in the course of illness a lower blood chemocorticoid level in general, as compared with non-mortal cases of the same disease.
3. The dysentery cases showed a similar shift of blood chemocorticoid level.
4. The blood level of chemocorticoid was in healthy infants 0.12-0.58 mg/dl with a rather great individual difference, 0.26 mg/dl on an average.
5. The number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood has recovered to an approximately normal count in the III or IV week of illness.
6. Eosinophil-test revealed a marked difference between “ekiri”and dysentery through the whole course of illness (40% difference on an average, a stochastically significant value). “Ekiri”demonstrated more marked reaction of insufficiency. Particularly the difference in the III-IV week suggested constitutional moments in “ekiri”-patients.
7. The counts of healthy infants were widely distributed between those of “ekiri” and dysentery, suggesting a continual shift between the two diseases.
8. These results led the author to the conclusion, that a latent insufficiency ofadreno-cortex as an immanent and constitutional tendency existed in “ekiri”-patients.

View full abstract

1. Antistreptolysin O titer was measured with sera of 264 scarlet fever patients hospitalized in the Komagome Hospital. Out of these patients, 56 cases were investigated on agglutination of streptococci by patient sera and serum protein pattern successively every week.
2. The ASLO titer which had reached the maximum value at the end of the third week decreased markedly in 1-2 months in some cases, but in other cases only in 1-2 years.
3. Many children demonstrated a marked rise of ASLO titer, while adults presented only a slight tendency of rise.
4. The ASLO titer depended upon the duration of streptococcus isolation from the pharynx.
5. The ASLO titer did not appear to be influenced by nephritis, rheumatism etc.
6. A conspicuous agglutination of streptococci by patient sera is of great diagnostic value.
7. Increase of serum total protein in the course of scarlet fever is atributable to γ-globulin, but not to albumin. And γ-globulin seemed to be related to ASLO and agglutination titer.

View full abstract

Izumi fever and Kamikitazawa fever, belonging both to the food-born infections, occasionally cause explosive outbreaks in schools or factories.
Clinical and hematological investigations were carried out with the patients from those 12 mass incidences since 1952 in Tokyo, 4 of which were Izumi and 8 Kamikitazawa fever. The results were as follows:
1. Signs and symptoms differed between children and adults in both diseases.
a) In Kamikitazawa fever, systemic symptoms such as headache, fatigue, muscle and joint pain or chill appeared with more severity and frequency in adults than in children, who showed, on the contrary, disturbances of digestive organs such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain as major symptoms.
b) In Izumi fever, signs of so called ileitis terminalis were of more severity and frequencey in adults as compared with children.
The manifestation rate of the third exanthema demonstrated no significant sexual difference in children, whereas, in adults, females were more predisposed to this exanthema than males.
2. Both diseases showd characteristic shifts of blood picture.
a) Kamikitazawa fever demonstrated in the initial stage marked neutrophilia and monocytosis, which shifted from the second day on rapidly to neutropenia and lymphocytosis. Leucocyte count increased slowly and reached the maximum in the third week, which remained, however mostly, within the normal range. The average nuclear number of neutrophils was extremely low, the minimum being mostly on the second or third day. But it rose so rapidly, that almost half of the cases returned to: the normal range in the second week.
Atypical lymphocytes (Virocyte, LITWINS) were found in 0-2% of leucocytes all through the couse of illness, but no case showed over 3.0%
b) In Izumi fever, leucocyte count fluctuated parallel with the fever course. Leucocytosis was observed even in the monophasic group in the period corresponding to the second peak of the biphasic one.
The lymphocytie count rose consistently from the onset without fluctuation.
Atypical lymphocytes appeared in many cases from the second half of the first week, though in alow percentage, less than 3%.
In the bone marrow picture, neutrophils played the leading role, i. e. they demonstrated in the initial stage an active reaction and a temporal hindrance of ripening around the sixth day. Thus, the change of neutrophil corresponded well with the clinical course.
3. The hematologic findings, the fever curve and other clinical symptoms enabled the author to divide the couse of Izumi fever in initial infectious phase and organic phase and to discuss about developmental mechanism of various types of the disease.
4. It must be emphasized that the ASLO value of Izumi fever demonstrated no fluctuation in the course of disease in mass incidence as well as in sporadic cases and BSP which had risen markedly in the beginning, declined rapidly thereafter.

View full abstract