1) The results were as follows
1) Among 214 strains (77.2% of 277 cases admitted) isolated, 185 (86.4%) strains of Shigella Sonnei were found. Among 150 antibiotic resistant strains 143 were resistant against 3 drugs (Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol).
The rate of antibiotic resistance of the strains isolated from sporadic dysentery cases was 63.9%.
2) 164 (59.2%) cases of mass incidences of bacillary dysentery were admitted in our hospital at all seasons of the year, exceeding in number sporadic cases.
The bacillary type of a mass incidence was 3-drugs-resistant Shigella Sonnei in 3 of 4 cases. One case was caused by a mixed infection of antibiotic-sensitive and-resistant strains.
3) The body temperature of about half the cases admitted was above 39 C but we found recently mild bacillary dysentery cases due to the administration of antibiotics before hospitalization.
4) Sodium Colistin Methanesulfonate (COM) combined with Kanamycin demonstrated therape utic effects against dysentery caused by antibiotic resistant strains.
5) Triacetyloleandomycin and Erythromycin were effective in clinical_ use in spite of a low sensitivity in vitro, but the mechanism is unclear.
6) COM and Kanamycin were sensitive against 3-drygs-resistant strains, and no cross resistance with SM, CP and TC was seen.
Sensitivity of KM ranged from 3.12 mcg/ml to 25 mcg/ml, and that of COM ranged from 1.56 mcg/ ml to 12.5 mcg/ml.
Against 3-drugs-resistant strains in vitro, chlotaon demonstrated therapeutic effects in clinical use.
Nalidixic Acid was sensitive against 3-drugs-sensitive and 3-drugs-resistant strains.
Sensitivity of drysentery bacilli against Nalidixic Acid ranged from 3.12 mcg/ml to 12.5 mcg/ml.

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Biologic false positive (BFP) is said to be unavoidable because of the unspecific antigen of Cardiolipin reaction (CL-R), a standard method of serological diagnosis for syphilis. On the other hand, RPCF and FTA test are highly appreciated due to their high specifity and easy practicability.
In this report, BFP of CL-R and coincidence between RPCF and FTA test were studied by comparing CL-R (Ogata, glass-slide and agglutination methods), RPCF and FTA test performed on 1073 syphilitic and non-syphilitic sera.
The results were as follows:
RPCF and FTA test were coindicently negatice in 8.3% of 291 CL-R positive (in all the 3 methods) sera out of 348 syphilitic ones. Glass slide method known as most sensitive among the 3 CL-R methods was positive in 4.1% of 725 non-syphilitic sera, RPCF being positive in 6.6% of them. Though RPCF and FTA test were coincidently positive in 91.9% of 348 syphilitic sera, FTA test demonstrated in nonsyphilitic sera 3.3% positive rate, RPCF test 6.6%, i.e. twice as high as the former.
Because of lacking clinical histories of the sera investigated, the BFP of RPCF test could not be judged directly from the data mentioned above. However, unspecifity of the RPCF antigen used in this experiment did not seem to be denied. As for the FTA test, no definite data proving ist high specifity could be obtained. Compared, however, with the other ones, FTA test appeared to be most reliable as a standard method.

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Sensitivity tests have been carried out on dysentery bacilli isolated at the Komagome Hospital against Kanamycin, Colimycin-S and Furazolidone (since 1960) and against Paromomycin, Aminobenzylpenicillin (AB-Pc) and Nalidixic-Acid (since 1964)
A AB-Pc resistant strain of Sh. sonnei was isolated in 1964. A AB-Pc resistant strain, 3 Nalidixic Acid resistant strains and a Furazolidone resistant strain were found in 1965.
All these strains belonging to Sh. Sonnei were simultaneously resistant against CP, TC, SM and SA, consequently against 5 drugs.

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It has been pointed out by Dr. Abe that the rate of isolation of sh. Sonnei from the dysentery patients had increased, as did the multi-drug resistant strains. The majority of sh. strains isolated from the inpatients was found to be drug-resistant.
In this time, it was demonstrated that a new chemotherapeutic agent, Chlor-Acetoxylin-Qinidin. (CAQ), had strong antibacterial activity against sh. flexneri and vibrio parahamolyticus, but moderate activity to sh. sonnei.
CAQ concentration in the blood following the oral administration of this medicine was sometimes. very low, wheras the concentration in the intestinal fluid was very high. This phenomenon is intergreted by malabsorption of CAQ from the intertine In such a case, the study showed that the medicine was found in the rectum within very short time following the administration of this medicine, due to frequent peristalsis of the intertioe. On the treatment of dysentery good clinical effects were obtained, woan the causative bacteria was sh. flexnari, but only fair clinical effects against sh. sonnei because of less sensitive bacteria to CAQ than the former. Furthermore it shout be emphasixzd that CAQ was very effective to the so-called drug-resistant straics without any side effects. Thorefore it might be conluded that CAQ is a valuable drug on cliniaal and prophylactic use prophylactic use for dysemery.

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