To study the meanings of the presence of cocci in the intestine, especially regarding to the growth of exogeneous bacteriae, the mice, orally administered with one of the three streptomycin resistant cocci, Staphylococcus albus, Streptcoccus haemolyticus and Enterococcus viridans, isolated from the intestine of mice, were sacrificed daily to investigate the time of multiplication and localisation of those administered cocci by the cultivation of their feces or intestinal contents, on BTB agar, 10% horse blood agar with and without streptomycin (1000 γ/ml).
1) In normal mice the administered cocci were proved in the feces during 1 day only in the case of Staphylococcus albus, during 3 days in the case of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and during 6 days in the case of Enterococcus viridans
2) In the mice, previously treated with Erythromycin, the duration of positive culture of each cocci from the specimen was prolonged, especially in the case of the mice administered with Enterococcus viridans.
3) The normal bacterial flora was not changed by the administration of these three species of cocci. When the mice, however, were treated previously with Erythromycin, the number of the normal cocci were markedly decreased, and sometimes disappeared. The number of the gram-negative bacilli were rather stable but some-times slightly increased. They changed in proportion to the dosage of Erythromycin administered. When the administration of Erythromycin was stopped, the bacterial fl ora recovered gradually as in the normal condition before its administration.
4) The growth of the orally administered Enterococcus viridans was performed in the lower intestine or in the upper colon of mice.
These knowledges will offer a clue to make an analysis of the mechanism of the multiplication of exogeneous bacteria in intestine.

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The rabbits, which have intravenously received living Shigella dysenteriae 1, excrete a specific biologically active substance (SBAS) in their urine and feces
The excretion of this substance begins several days after the inoculation of organisms and continues for a fairly long time.
The SBAS in the urine or feces have been turbidimetric detected, taking advantage of the fact, that the bacterial suspension exhibits changes in turbidity in the presence of SBAS.

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It has been well known that the intra-intestinal multiplication of the exogenous bacteria was essential at the onset of the intestinal infection. As the intra-intestinal multiplication of the exogenous bacteria is difficult in the normal condition, various methods have been contrived to induce the multiplication of the bacteria and the increase of infectivity. Recently, antibiotics and fasting were found to be effective as the pre-medication, but the mechanism of the action of these methods was little known.
In our experiment reported herein, strong virulent strain of the Salmonella enteritidis was orally given to the fasting mice, and the change of infectivity was observed.
In another experiment, the influence of fasting upon the intestinal flora, which was known to have the close relation to the intra-intestinal multiplication of the exogenous bacteria, was closely studied.
Results.
1. In the mice, which were subjected to a 48-hour fasting, the increase of infectivity, elevation of mortality-rate, decreace of mean survival days and the prolongation of the intra-intestinal multiplication of the given bacteria were obstained, especially in the groups which were given large doses of bacteria.
2. In the mice, which were subjected to a 72-hour fasting, the same results as were stated in I. were obtained only in the groups which were given large doses of bacteria.
3. There were observed somewhat similar tendency in the intestinal flora of the fasting mice:
Gram positive bacilli after 48-hours of fasting decreased to the minimum.
Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli after 24-hours of fasting also diminished to the lowest.
All these bacteria after 72-hours of fasting increased to the maximum, and then after 96-hours of fasting decreased gradually in number.
4. It was a particularly noteworthy phenomenon that the Enterococci after a 72-hour fasting increased remarkably. This phenomenon could be considered to have something to do with the change of infectivity under the fasting condition.

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