The distribution of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (abbreviated as Ps) in sputum has not been clear and the significance of its residence in sputum has not been estimated correctly sometimes overestimated, sometimes underestimated. In this paper the distribution of Ps in sputum of normal adults and out- and inpatients of our hospital has been investigated for more than two years, supplemented by animal experiments on the carriage of Ps.
The results were as follows:
1. No Ps strains could be found in sputum of normal adults.
2. The carriage of Ps in sputum was limited to the in-patients. The carriers were 109 out of 1, 219 in-patients (8.9%) who stayed in our hospital for a long time suffering from lung tuberculosis. This rate was significantly higher than that in non tuberculous in-patients, whose rate was 2.6%.
3. Monthly or seasonal appearance of Ps carrier in the in-patients from lung tuberculosis was quite irregular. The in-patients from lung tuberculosis who demonstrated Ps in their sputa in successive examinations for more than two months was 20 out of 142 (14.1%).
4. Ps were administered directly into the stomach of two mice groups, the one given chloramphenicol (CP) daily by oral route and the other nontreated. In treated mice Ps were carried apparently for a longer time than in control mice.
5. There were two cases in which Ps were considered as a probable causative agent of their bronchopulmonary lesions.
6. The mechanism of development of Ps infection should be devided into two factors, that is, carriage-promoting factor which makes Ps settle in any site of the man and the factor by which the settled Ps renders him ill.

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Epidemics of poliomyelitis, small and large, have been reported in Kyushu district in the past few years. In 1961, as a part of national test program of immunization with Sabin's live poliovirus vaccine, monovalent or trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine of Sabin have been administered to approximately five million of children less than 10 years of age to control epidemic of poliomyelitis in Kyushu district. The efficacy of the vaccine, as measured by its ability to lead to antibody production in these individuals, was 95 per cent for type 1 polio virus.
In 1961 and 1962, a total of 61 strains of non-poliovirus were isolated from healthy children, 14 strains were of Coxsackie A type 9, 10 of ECHO 1 and 6 of Coxsackie B type 3, 1 to 4 strains belonged to each of the other types of enteroviruses. Three hundred fifty-five different blood samples have been collected from healthy individuals under 50 years of age in Fukuoka Prefecture, and the neutralizing antibody titers of ECHO type 6, type 9, Coxsackie A type 9 and B type 5 were examined. Antibody titers of 4 or higher will be referred to as “positive” and lower as “negative”. The percentage positives were of highest level (79.5%) for ECHO type 9, 67.4% for Coxsackie A type 9, 51.8% for ECHO type 6 and 25.4% for Coxsackie B type 5.

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Erythromycin estolate (Ilosone) was applied to various phases of dysentery and following results were obtained.
1) No difinite effectiveness was noticed against the dysenteric signs and symptoms.
2) The drug was not always effective against the cases with continuous discharge of the bacilli soon after subsidence of the dysenteric symptoms, whereas it demonstrated an excellent effectiveness against healthy carriers and the cases after the 11th day of the illness.
3) The disappearance of the bacilli in stool was apparent in 5 days with daily doses of, 0.8-0.9 g for adults and with 0.3-0.4 g for children. The effectiveness was not influenced by the sensitivity or resistence of the causative strains against SM, CP and TC.
4) The effect of EM against discharge of the bacilli did not appear to be caused by direct antibacillary activity, but due to unknown biological moments.
The results mentioned above led the authors to conclude that definite effectiveness could be expected by the application of Ilosone against the patients continuously discharging dysentery bacilli.

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