We have.und: ertaken development program of sero-diagnostic methods of bacillary dysentery and its practical use. Alongthis line, we had previously published several papers which revealed serological p atterns of some dysentery epidemics experienced and thereby suggested a possibility of serological method to forecast epidemiological patterns of dysentery epidemics.
This paper describes the results of serological investigations performed on 207 sera samples from 121 cases who were treated at Osaka Municipal Momoyama Hospital: during during 1966-1968. The cases included 99 of Sh., sonnei-positive case (patients and carriers of outbreak case counted 47; those of-sporadic case, 48; those of out-patient case, 4) and 22 of Shigella negative case. Serological method used was indirect hemagglutination test a little modified from Young's method. These results were contrasted mainly with feces cultures and clinical findings. The summary is as follows:
1) In the case of Shigella sonnei-positive patients: The average date of admission and discharge was 4th and 16th day of illness, respectively. The first significant rise of antibody levels was seen at 5th day of illness; drawing a exponential curve onwards and reached the maximum (1: 1280) around 8-9th day. It was going dovn thereafter at the rate of falling into half as much as before in a week until it reached the equilibrium level, 1: 40 or 1: 80. This trend of curve seems characteristic of soonne-dysentery and the antibody rise appeared to be sufficient for differential diagnostic use.
2) In the case of carriers: The picture of antibodyrise was far less character-istic, though it was somewhat resembling to the later part of above curve (one or two weeks later) parhaps due to the late discovery. of the organisms.
3) In paired sera pursuing, no contradictions were found to the above mentioned trends.
4) In the case of Shigella-negative patients: If they occurred among sonne-dysentery outbreak case, they mostly had antibody valuesuggestive of sonne-dysentery; on the other hand, no such trendin sporadic casesor other'diarrheal infectionssuch as Vibr o -parahemolyticus or-D group Salmonella infections.
5) Antibody rise was approximately correlated with periad of diarrheal state.
6) No relationship was seen between antibody levels and feces findings, daily frequency of stool, period of bacilli-positive state or commencement date of the treatment.

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A survey was conducted for the detection of healthy carriers of Salmonellae and Shigellae on 147, 107 pupils of primary and junior high schools and 141, 279 food handlers in Tokyo during 1966-1967.
Results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) The isolation rate of Shigellae was 0.04% in either the school pupils or the food handlers in 1966, and 0.02% likewise in 1967.
2) The isolation rate of Salmonellae was 0.14% in the school pupils which was 3 times as much as the rate of 0.05% in food handlers.3) The isolation rate of Salmonellae in the primary and junior high school pupils was five times as high as that of Shigellae.
4) Serotypes of all Salmonellae isolated varied widely. The main patterns of the type distribution were, however, almost similar between the school pupils and food handlers.
5) Incidence of antibiotic resistant strains among isolated Salmonellae was 7.8% in 1966, and 8.0%. in 1967.
6) The survey revealed that about 40% of the Salmonellae carriers had shown something of mild intestinal disorders at the time of investigations.

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