Isolation of virus, determination of neutralization antibody titer and reinfection were investigated on the infants serologically diagnosed as influenza A/Asia/57. The results were as follows;
1. Virus isolation was carried out n 13 cases by means of intraamniotic inoculation of hen egg. The virus isolated from gurgle water of 2 cases on the econd day of illness was identified as influenza A/Asia/57. These 2 strains possessed a good HI-antibody-producing ability and reacted well with the antiserum.
2. The serum neutralization antibody titer (NT Value) was determined with paired samples of 8 cases after the incubated hen egg method. All the cases demonstrated a significant rise. he rise of NT value paralleled with that of HI value. Whereas the fall of HI occured earlier and more rapidly, the NT value did not decline in 3 months not only in all the cases, but was higher in one case in the 400 th day of illness than in the acute stage.
3. Four cases might be considered as reinfection out of 86 cases observed since eptember 1957 (4.7%). The reinfection was not considered to play an important role epidemiologically in an epidemic of several months.

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One hundred eighty three infants were intracutaneously inoculated 6 months after the epidemic with A/Asia/57 influenza vaccine with the titer of 300 cc A. 2 times in a 2-week interval in A Group each 0.1 cc 2 times, in the other B Group 0.1 cc and 0.2 cc 2 times, in order to assess the grade of antibody production and side ffects.
The results were as follows;
1) Over 4 times increase of antibody titer was recognized after 4 weeks; HI in all cases of A and B Group of 73 infants investigated, CF in 34 out of 39 cases (87.2%)
2) No significant difference was observed between the shift of HI titer in 48 infants having suffered from influenza during the last epidemic and hat after the vaccination in the same infants.
3) Over one hundred twenty eight times HI titer was demonstrated 17 weeks after the vaccination in all of the 19 cases obviously infected by influenza, whereas a decrease till 64 times was noted in 3 cases probably non-infected.
4) No relationship was recongnized between the rise of HI and CF iter after the vaccination. Over one half of the cases regarded as infected and non-infected during the epidemic or the cases developing no influenzalike disease demonstrated over 8 times great a CF titer in 17 weeks.

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Two cases of diarrhea, an adult and a child, from whom O-126 was found in stools, were studied from the viewpoint of clinical signs and symptoms and excretion of the bacteria in stool. Besides this clinical study, the bacteria were given orally to 3 adult volunteers to study the pathogenicity of E. coli O-126 to humans.
1. The beginning of diarrhea and other clinical symptoms were not known exactly in the adult case, because her consciousness was disturbed with septic symstom caused by terminal stage of carcinoma uteri and pyometrium. At the time of hospitalisation she had loose bowels 3-4 times daily and the stool was mucous.
As for the child, the body temperature elevated to 38° and vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain and tenesmus were complained. The stool was mucous, and the frequency of diarrhea was 4 times daily at the maximm. In this case it was worth noting that the symptoms were exacerbated on the 17th day after pretended recovery. No muco-hemmorrhagic stool was observed in both cases.
2. On swallowing tests of the bacteria in 3 volunteers, such symytoms as fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, headache and vomiting were not observed, abdominal fullness being the only complaint in all the cases. They remained carriers of the bacteria for 5-26 days. The third case which took a larger amount of the bacteria than the other 2 cases, excreted the bacterium for a longer period (26 days).
3. As compared with clinical symptoms caused by O-119 and O-124, which were

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A case of primary pulmonary aspergillosis of a 29-year-old femal was reported. An increasing number of human infections with Aspergillus have been reported recently. In the majority of the cases, however, the diagnosis is determined first by the histolo gical examination after autopsy. However in this case pulmonary aspergillosis was suspected because of the positive culture findings of Aspergillus fumigatus from the sputum, urine and blood of the patient during her lifetime and the diagnosis was confi rmed at autopsy by the demonstration of Aspergilli in both the caverns and the involved pulmonary parenchyma of this case.
It is generally accepted that pulmonary aspergillosis has a mild course, the main symptom being only hemoptysis. It seems therefore to be much interesting that the clinical course and the change of X-ray picture in this case were relatively acute.
The large doses of several kinds of chemotherapeutics administrated to this case: might show some influence upon the incidence of aspergillosis.

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The therapeutic effect of streptomycin against plague was experimentally testified by Meyer and other workers. Herbert succeeded to prevent the development of the disease by single intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg SM, in 80% of mice inoculated with plague bacilli prior to the therapy. With over 4 mg dosis the disease was prevented by the author in 100% of mice. Furthermore, following Herbert, 800 ry was administered in interval of 12 hours for 3 1/2 days immediately after the subcutaneous inoculation of mice with plague bacilli The result approximated that of Herbert, i.e. 95.2% preventive effect in total dosis of 5.6 mg. On the other hand, single administration of four, five or six milligram, demonstrated 100% effectiveness, a result, which eloquently indicates the benefit of large dosis therapy. Finally, mice were divided into 7 groups which were given SM in 3, 6, 9, 12, 21 and 24 hours, respectively after the inoculation of mice with plague bacilli. The survival rate of mice was in the following order ; 100, 75, 80, 75, 95, 80, and 80%. That is to say, only the therapy initiated immediately after the inoculation proved 100% effective.

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Kanamycin, a wide-spectrum antibiotic belongs to the same group as SM. Since SM has a bactericidal and therapeutic effect against plague, the same effect could be expected from KM. The growth-impeding activity and the therapeutic effect of KM against plague bacilli were compared by the author in vitro as well as in vivo with those of SM. A growth inhibition of plagne bacilli was observed in vitro with 4.16-6.25 7/cc of KM. A single intraperitoneal injection of KM was given in various concentrations to the mice, immediately affer they were subcutaneously inoculated with a sufficient amount of plague bacilli to kill a mouse of 16-18 gm in 3-4 days. Six milligram of KM completery prohibited the development of plague. Furthermore, after the Herbert method they were treated from immediately after the inoculation for 3 1/2 days in the interval of 12 hours in one group with 800 γ SM and in the other 1, 200 γ KM. A 100 percent therapeutic effect was obtained in both groups. Similarly the same method of administration, initiated 24 hours after the inoculation brought about the same effect. Finally, after the Meyer method, they were treated from 48 hours after the inoculation for 3 days in the interval of 3 hours in one group with 500 γ SM and in the other 750 γ KM. The therapeutic effects of both groups coincided better in our experiments than in those of Meyer in 1950. The prophylactic and therapeutic effect of KM against plague was experimentally ascertained, KM having the same efficacy as SM in 1.5 times as great a dosis as the latter.

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In Report II, a new interpretation of Landis method was attempted by the author. Infants completely recovered from dysentery were taken as contrast and the shift of Ht and Gp-I were measured calculated 5, 15, and 30 minutes after 60mm Hg and 80 mm Hg pressure. A simple concentration and dilution range (rectangular hyperbolic range) was added to the related table of Ht and Gp-I shifts. The mechanism of the mixing of peripheral stagnant blood, probably altered already before the pressure, in the circulating blood consequent on the application of pressure was considered as primary approximation against the variation of blood before and after he pressure and a detailed reexamination of the values obtained was carried out.
1) The divergence of erythrocyte and plasma component 5, 15 and 30 minutes. fter 60 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg pressure tended toward concentration as compared with those of circulating blood. As for erythrocyte component, it was found in the range of greater concentration than plasma component (A range called by the author).
2) The divergence of the values was after 60 mm Hg pressure as well as after 0 mm Hg pressure obviously greater in 15 minutes than in 5 minutes, while it tended again toward the original point in 30 minutes.
These results could not be xplained by Landis' conception, but easily by ours, i. e. “mixing of peripheral sta gnant blood in the circulating blood consequent on the application of ressure”.
These data were thought to result from the greater forcing-out effect of 80 mm Hg than 60 mm Hg pressure. The greater divergence 30 minutes after 80 mm Hg than 30 minutes after 60 mm Hg pressure might be reduced upon a possible little residue of peripheral blood in the former without having been forced out in the circulating blood, because the amount of circulating blood decreases in the rise of pressure inflicted.
Consequently the conception, “mixing of the peripheral stagnant blood in the circulating blood”, might well explain the above mentioned phenomena. We might conclude that the blood examination before and after the pressure would contribute much to the investigation not only of the peripheral stagnant blood but also the peripheral blood vessel themselves.

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A case of Japanese encephalitis, which broke out on 8, XI, 1955 and demonstrated atypical signs and symptoms, is reported in this paper.
Male, 34 years old, office-man.
8, XI, 1955: Headache, lumbago and chill. Almost sleepless because of violent headache. He had a sense of fever but no anorexia.
15, XI, 1955 (the 8th day of illness): Hospitalized. Clear consciousness, headache, no nausea and no vomiting. Slightly dehydrated. No achilles tendon and knee jerk reflexes, but with cremasteric and abdominal reflexes. No pathological reflex such as Babinski. Neither nuchal stiffness nor Kernig's sign. Body temperature ; 37°
Findings of cerebrospinal fluid: 190 mm pressure, clear, cell count 88/3, protein 20 mg/dl, no fibrin formation, sugar 75 mg/di, encephalitic pattern of Yokota reaction.
Negative culture of tuberculous and other microorganisms. Leucocyte count 4300, Widal reaction T 20X, negative complement fixation test and negative Wassermann reaction.
Course of Illness:
Violent headache continued with fever. Headache disappeared on the 18th day. The fever, however, was not influenced by the administration of chioramphenicol andstreptomycin. All other diseases were excluded by laboratory examinations except Japanese encephalitis. Complement fixation test proved negative on the 8th day, 8x positive on the 21th day and 16x positive on the 28th day.

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The most striking change of Candida albicans cells injected into the peritoneal cavity or subcutaneous tissue of the mouse was the transformation, within one hour, of the majority of the organisms to the filamentous form. The other pathogenic members of the genus Candida studied did not exibit this change except C. stellatoidea.
In tissue culture medium C. albicans transformed to the fillamentous form as rapidly as in the animal body.
The filamentous transformotion was more rapidly and frequently observed in the HeLa maintenance medium containing HeLa cells. Yeast-like fungi in tissue culture together with antifungal antibiotics contributed much to evaluation of the effects of the antifungal agent and the cytopathogenicity on HeLa cells.
Regarding with the phagocytosis of the yeast-like fungi using the intraperitoneal monocytes of mouse, the phagocytic rate, intracellular propagation or digestion, and the grade of cell degeneration were different between the species of yeast-like fungi. Only C. albicans developed pseudomycelia rapidly from phagocyte cells. The phagocytic rate on Cryptococcus neoformas was distinctly lower than that on Candida. By adding cortisone, especially in a higher concentration, phagocytic rate was decreased and elongation of pseudomycelia from phagocytes was stimulated.
Adding antifungal agent, antifungal activity and cyto-toxicity can be tested by phagocytic rate, degeneration of cells and elongation of pseudomycelia of C. albicans from phagocytes.
The use of the HeLa tissue culture technique is useful not only for the studies on the interrelationship between host cells and pathogenic fungi, identification of pathogenic fungi but fundamental studies on infection, immunology and therapy of fungus diseases.

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