Epidemiology and blood chemistry of acute eentritis (Takikawa 1955) caused by Vivrio parahaemolyticus (Fujino, Okuno, Nakada, Aoyama, Fukai, Mikai and Ueho, 1951) Sakazaki, Iwanami and Fukumi, 1963 are reported in this paper based on the data obtained from the study at epidemic areas.
It was presumed that the organism belonging to the family of marine bacteria would bring about different clinical manifestations in the population of fishing villages and in that of cities. The food poisoning cases were, therefore, tentatively calssified in fishing village type (Kushimoto group) and urban type (Osaka city group) for comparative observation. Only the fishing village type had the possibility of double infection and was accompanied by frequent vomiting and moderate degree of fever. Infants were less frequently affected. Sexual difference in incidence and symptoms was not found. Mass poisoning of urban type did not show any correlation between the serotype of biotye 1 and the severity of the symptoms.
For laboratory tests, common diarrhea was taken as control. Dehydration and metabolic acidosis were common findings. Alkaline phosphatase, GOT, GPT, which usually indicate tissue destruction, were within the normal range. Inflammatory signs such as leucocytosis, positive CRP and CCFT were often observed.
Because the virulence of the organism did not differ among the biotype 1 and the age and sex of the host were seldom influential, it was concluded that the difference between the fishing village type and
ban type was caused by the double infection and the dose of organism.

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Since the comfirmation of Vibrio parahaemoliticus as a causative organims of food poisoning, the disease entity has been extensively investigated, yet leaving many unsolved questions. Mice and guinea pigs were not affected by oral administration of the organism. It was observed, however, that massive dose apparently showed toxicity in them, making possible studies of the questions such as double infection, dosis of organism through oral, or intraperiotneal administration, mortality of mice, histology of the intestinal tract and survival of the organism in the intestine of guinea pigs.
Mice, fasted for 24 hours in winter and given 3 mg wet weight of bacteria showed a death rate of 10/11 and 2/6 by 2 mg. Leucopenia, low body temperature, acute bacteremia with anergic reaction were also observed in them. Survived mice were completely recovered in 48 hours.
In autumn, the dose of bacteria to cause bacteremia by oral admnistration was not found but the toxicity was confirmed. Escherichia coli administered for control did not show any changes.
Histology of the intestinal tract revealed irregularity of villi but no submucosal edema. Double in fection did not aggravate the toxicity. In guinea pigs, 30 minutes after the oral administration of 10 mg wet weight of the bacteriae, most of the bacteriae died in the stomach, but some passed down to the intestine and were possibly transfered into blood stream via lymphatics.
Difference of the clinical manifestations found by Epidemiologic study was thought to be caused by the bacterial dose. Features such as leucocytosis and positive CRP different from common diarrheal diseases seemed to be related to defence mechanism in the infected intestinal wall against the infection.

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For finding out an inapparent infection of scrub typhus, a serological survey was carried out at an endemic area of scrub typhus in Niigata Prefecture.
A bout one hundred inhabitants in Takayama village, Gosen, Niigata Prefecture, were bled three times with 6-month interval. The following results were obtained.
1) In June, 1962, before endemic season of scrub typhus of the year started, one CF antibody positive case was found among 86 healthy inhabitants who had confessed no experience of scrub typhus.
2) In November, 1962, after endemic season of the year finished, one positive case was found among 68 healthy inhabitants who had confessed no experience of the disease throughout the endemic season.
3) On the third survey carried out in May, 1963, after winter season was over, no serological conversion was found among healthy inhabitants whose sera were tested.
4) CF antibody persistence against Rickettsia orientalis in sera of scrub typhus cases was recofirmed as within 5 years throughout the survey, but at the same time, it was found that in some cases reinfection in inapparent form was proved by the rise of antibory in their sera.

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Rabbit immunized with a standard smallpox vaccine by either intradermal or subcutaneous route, -was inoculated intradermally with serial “twofold” dilutions of the smallpox vaccine to be assayed, on the 3rd or 4th day respectively after the basic immunization.
Then, “2-times” difference in the content of vaccinia virus could be detected as easily as “10-times” difference in a normal rabbit as now generally employed.
Furthermore, the immunization method mentioned above appeared to facilitate the determination of the end dilution.

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