Sera from healthy adult inhabitants of Tokyo were periodically collected and examined by hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Immunological observations were temporally made on the community's antibody level against influenza viruses. The data obtained was then plotted by a new diagrammatic method that utilized regression analysis. The equation y = a +bx expresses the curve obtained.
Results:
1) The actual data of the sample were within 20-80% of the cumulative positive rates, andfitted the computed value of the regression line. Thus a regression line that represents a sample should be fixed by both the y value (cumulative positive rate) and x value (antibody titer) on the Y and X axis. It was thus considered a more convenient method for precise analysis of the antibody incidence as well as its titer level. The previously employed method expressed antibody titer by the frequency distribution of the maximal antibody titer or the cumulative positive rate at a certain indicated titer.
2) Periodic movements of the regression line with the same viral antigen suggest activity of this virus in the community. A sudden increase of the y value indicates an increase in the newly infected population. An inclination followed by a declination of the regression line indicate delayed antibody response to virus invasion.
3) Interpretation of the data as shown on the regression curve agreed with the actual prevalence of influenza among school children at the time of its outbreak as well as with the type of virus concerned and the duration of the epidemic.
4) It was also possible to define a secondary etiological virus, annexed to the prevalent type of virus by regression analysis.
5) Changes in the prevalence of influenza viruses since 1963 may have occurred viz., during the A2 type epidemic in 1965, a slow and minor increase of the y value followed by a remarkable increase of the x value in the regression line was observed. This was quite different when compared with cases which occurred before 1962. This tendency was also observed in B type epidemics

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1) No differences were revealed in hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) and neutralizing activities between live measles vaccine and the one inactivated with sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, when they were titered above a certain threshold. 2) Upon comparison of antigenic extinction limits (AEL) of live and inactive vaccines by their inoculation into guinea pigs, there were no differences at 1 and 2 months following inoculation. Thereafter, however, the AEL of the live vaccine were much higher than those of the inactivated. The neutralizing antibody responses in guinea pigs inoculated with the highest dilution of the live vaccine were then the same as those inoculated with the undiluted vaccine. In the groups inoculated with inactivated vaccine, such a phenomenon was not observed. The degrees and courses of the neutralizing and CF antibody responses of the animals inoculated with both “undiluted ”vaccines were similar. 3) The titration of antibodies was carried out on HI and neutralizing activities of sera collected from rabbits at 4 and 12 weeks after three doses hyperimmunization of live and/or inactivated vaccine. The antibody responses in Peak 1 of gel-filtrations on Sephadex G-200 of the sera from the animals inoculated with live and/or inactivated vaccine decreased with the lapse of time, while those in Peak 2 gradually increased to a much higher level -than those of Peak 1. The serum of the rabbit inoculated with inactivated vaccine was titered much higher in both HI and neutralizing antibodies than that of the rabbit inoculated with live vaccine. 4) Antibody titrations were done also on HI and neutralizing activities of sera collected from guinea pigs at seven, 14 and 21 days after one dose inoculations of live and/or inactivated vaccine. The antibody responses in Peak 1 of gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 of the sera were at the highest level in 7- or 14-days sera and definitely decreased in 21-days sera, while those in Peak 2 were at the highest level in 14 days sera and slightly decreased in 21-days sera. 5) The early sera following vaccine inoculation or fractions of the sera in Peak 1 of gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 were destroyed easily by the sulfhydryl reagent 2-mercaptoethylamine, while the 21-days sera or serum fractions in Peak 2 of the gelfiltration were stable to the reagent. These facts suggest that Peaks 1 and 2 of gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 of sera contain mainly 19S and 7S antibodies, respectively.

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It is demonstrated that CBPR, a biological product which consists of a multiple antibiotic resitant strain of str. fecalis, shows preventive effect against various manifestations such as constipation or other disorders of defecation, which occasionally occur after antibiotic therapy. It is inferred that this is chiefly because the str. fecalis contained alive and endowed with resistancy to each kind of antibiotics such as SM, CP, TC, KM, F, etc., may act effectively for the maintenance of intestinal bacterial flora.
At the same time, it is also recognized that the drug produces no subsidiary effect, and itis suggested that, in the medication, there is no possibility to transmit its resistancy to other intestinal bacilli.
Though the drug can not give an impression to influence directly on dysenteric course itself, it is recognized suggestively that the drug has an allopathic effect for the infantile dia rrhea caused by “indigestion”. To sum up, the clinical peculiarity of this drug lies in the possibility of combined administration together with antibiotics and these characteristics could not be noticedheretofore in any other drugs of this line.

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To study the present state of leptospirosis in Nagasaki and Saga prefectures, the agglutinationlysis tests were performed on 293 sera gathered from four local hospitals.
Of these sera, 24 (8.2%) were proved positive at the dilution level 1: 80 or higher. According to the types of leptospira, this figure was further divided as follows. 12 to L. hebdomadis, 8 to L. australis A, 3 to L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and 1 to L. canicola. Quite uuexpectedly, not a case of L. autumnalis infection was encountered which was the most common type of leptospirosis in this locality during the past thirty years.
in Nagasaki Prefecture, at present, two districts are regarded as the main epidemiological foci of the disease - the coastal area of Isahaya Bay which has been recently uncovered, and the well known Hasami district. Judging from the informations about the cases in both districts, it has been the recent trend, unlike the past, that the contamination through harvesting the rice. crops in the paddy fields rarely occurs, but the contact with sewage or foul swimming-pool wateris frequently the cause of epidemics.
Along with the standard agglutination-lysis test, the microtechnique advocated by Galton et al. was attempted and deliberated on its value as a diagnostic method. It is the authors' viewthat this technique is suitable for the screening test provided, of course, the materials are free from any contaminant.

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