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Volume 32, Issue 3
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Takeyoshi TABATA1958 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 95-113
Published: June 20, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of vitamin B6 and Pyridoxamine on drug-resistance and toxicity of dysentery bacilli were investigated in a series of experiments.
The results were as follows:
1) Pyridoxamine remarkably inhibited an acquirement of resistance of the bacilli against sulfathiazol.
2) The strain inhibited in its sulfathiazol resistance by pyridoxamine demonstrated lowering of its toxicity as compared to its standard strain and the resistant strain given no pyridoxamine. It showed no revival of toxicity even after 20-65 generations of successive cultures.
3) Furthermore, no difference of biological properties was found between these 3 strains.
4) With mice pyridoxamine demonstrated the same inhibiting trend on sulfathiazol resistance at the beginning, but as the generations advance, no significant difference was observed.
5) The toxicity of the resistant strain obtained from mice, the strain given pyridox amine and the original strain were examined. The former two strains exhibited no, difference in toxicity, which was, however somewhat lowered, compared with that of the original strain.6) The influence of pyridoxamine on sulfathiazol resistance of dysentery bacilli was then examined in vitamin B6 deficient mice. The same results were obtained as in the previous experiments.
Among the antibiotics applied, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and penicillin, the resist ance against the former two drugs were interfered with slightly more by pyridoxaminc than by vitamin B6.View full abstractDownload PDF (2487K) -
Hisae ONUKI1958 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 114-121
Published: June 20, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical importance of streptococcus sanguis, one of the causative agents of subacute endocarditis is well known. Studies on resistance acquirement of this organism against a variety of antibiotics were carried out by the author, for no report on this problem has been yet found in the literature.
The antibiotics examined were: Penicillin (Pc), Dihydrostreptomycin (DHSM), Chlortetracycline (CTc), Oxytetracycline (OTc), Tetracycline (Tc), Chloramphenicol (CP), Erythromycin (EM) and Leucomycin (LM). The resistance rose in the following order. 1) DHSM (indifferent resistance). 2) EM, LM. 3) OTc, Tc. 4) CTc, CP. 5) Pc.
The strains of streptococcus sanguis showed cross resistance between Tc, CTc and OTc. The cross-resistance was also detected between EM, LM and Carbomycin. No such resistance, however, was found between Pc, DHSM and CP. The resistance acquired against CP did not increase the degree of that against EM so much. No collateral sensitivity, i.e. becoming sensitive to a certain antibiotic when a resistance against another antibictic increased, was observed.
Though various characteristics are known with the streptococcus sanguis, no significant diffence was recognized in view of acquired resistance or cross resistance between this organism and, other types of streptococcus viridance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1147K) -
Yasue SAKAKIBARA1958 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 122-131
Published: June 20, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mass incidence of German measles broke out in spring of 1954 in the Yoshikawa health center district of Saitama Prefecture. Four thousand and ninety one of 60, 798 inhabitants were affected. The following data resulted from detailed epidemiologic investigations.
1) The epidemic curve closely similates that of regular distribution, the length of epidemic period being about six months.
2) The highest attack rate was seen in the age group of school children and in all groups a slightly higher rate was observed among females.
3) The epidemic covered almost the whole area of the district and the attack rate in the villages ranged from 15.0% to 30%.
4) The estimated median and the dispersion factor of the incubation were computed as 14.8 days and 1.4, respectively, using Sartwell's method.
5) The highest attack rate among exposed population reached to 80%. So the extent of latent infection, if it exists, would be less than 20%.
6) The probability that a family member contracts the disease when exposed to an infectious source was computed as 25%. The percentage will rise with an increase of infected persons bringing germs in the family.
7) The epidemic first appeared at the southern end of the district and propagated area to area from there. The velocity of propagation was calculated at 0.45 km per day.View full abstractDownload PDF (1474K)
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