Since the serological classification of E. coli was systematized by F. Kauffmann and his collaborators, a large number of epidemeiological investigations of the group have been carried out by many workers, particulay on the pathogenic O groups. However, it is necessary here to reckon with the fact. that in the majority of the investigations serological typing of the E. coli cultures was restricted only within the limits of their O antigenic analysis, without the consideration of their K and H antiigens.
Our investigations, therefor, have been made to see whether in most cases the E. coli cultures belonging to the same 0 group which were isolated in a restricted and isolated area have an identical H antigenic serotype or they are classifiable into many different H. antigenic serotypes.
With about 1200 cultures of E. coli isolated from stools of 600 inhabitants in such an area, detailed serological typing was carried out.
Fifty seven percent of the 0 groups detected in this investigation were classifiable into two or more H antigenic serotypes. It was concluded from the results that the H antigenic analysis of E. coli was urgently necessary in epidemiological studies of this genus.

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Influences of antibiotics on intestinal flora were investigated by means of semiquantitative study, especially of lactose fermenting (L+) and nonfermenting bacilli (L-) isolated from 149 patients suffering from acute infectious diseases of intestinal tract and treated with kanamycin (KM), KM combined with Tetracyclin (CKT) and other antibiotics. The results were as follows:
1. Oral administration of KM (2.0-3.0g) inhibitd L+ in 45 out of 53 cases (84.9%) and L-in 37 out of 42 cases (88.0%), disappearance of the total intestinal microflora being in 21 out of 53 cases (39.6%).
2. Oral administration of CKT (KM 12.5 mg per kg daily +TC 12.5 mg per kg daily) inhibited L+ in 17 out of 18 cases (94.4%), disappearance of the total intestinal microflora being in 7 out of 18 cases (38.9%).
3. Oral administration of Chloramphenicol (CP)(2.0-3.0 g daily) inhibited L+ in 17 out of 42 cases (40.5%), and L_ in 14 out of 26 cases (53.8%), disappearance of the total intestinal flora being in only one out of 43 cases (2.4%).
4.0ral administration of Tetracycline (TC)(2.0g daily) inhibted L+ in 20 out of 22 cases (90.9%) and L_ in 6 out of 20 cases (30.0%), disappearance of the total intestinal microflora being observed in none of the 22 cases.
5. It was found that KM was an excellent “enteric aseptic”, in comparison with CP and TC in aspects of inhibiting capacity of L+, L_ and total intestinal microflora.
6. It was found that CKT was a better “enteric aseptic” as compared with KM, because of the same effect in smaller dosis.
7. No case of staphylococcal enteritis was observed in the patients orally treated with KM or CKT.

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Histopathological study and virus titer determination in organs were carried out on hamsters inoculated with JE virus via intracerebral, subcutaneous, intranasal and intraperitoneal route, with and without subcutaneous administration of hyaluronidase.
In groups inoculated with JE virus intracerebrally or intraperitoneally, perivascular cell infiltrtions in liver and brain, pneumonitis, meningitis and nephritis were observed 2 days after inoculation with low stainability of infected cells in nucleic acid stained preparations. Following subcutaneous inoculation of virus, similar, though retarded, changes were observed approximately 4 days after inoculation. Intraperitoneal inoculation exhibited on the 2nd day the same findings as those observed in the intracerebral inoculation of virus. By addition of hyaluronidase a marked loosening of blood vessels and fatty degeneration of parenchymal cells were observed.
In the case of intracerebral inoculation the titer of the virus in the brain tissue was LD₅₀/ml, while in the other organs 10²-10³LD₅₀. In other groups the brain showed the highest virus titer (10⁴LD₅₀), even when clinical symptoms were lacking. The quantity of virus in various organs was in the following order: blood>lung>liver>kidney.

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“Viccillin” is a new penicillin prepared from 6-aminopenicillanic acid. It is of special interest because it is acid-stable and is active against a wide range of Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Fifteen patients with bacillary dysentery were treated with Viccillin. In adult patients, 500mg of Viccillin was given every six hours for three days, in children 250mg or 125mg.
After administration of Viccillin, fever subsided within 24 hours, numbers of stools decreased markedly within 1-3 days, and character of stool recovered within 3-5 days. The dysentery bacilli disappeared soon after the beginning of treatment in the majority of patients, but only in one case, stool cultures remained positive for 7 days after the treatment.
Over than one week after the period when the treatment finished, reappearance of dysentery bacilli in stools were observed in three cases.
No side effects were observed, except one patient, who had rash after administration. of the drug.
By the sensitivity test against various strains of Shigella, Viccillin is sensitive, similarly to streptomycin, less than tetracycline and chloramphenicole. Cross resistance between Viccillin and these three antibiotic drugs is not found, therefore this new antibiotica will be expected to apply for treatment of cases infected by anibiotic-resistant Shigella strains.

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