Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in various infectious diseases was performed to evaluate the host reactivities by means of animal experiments and clinical analyses.
1. Animal experiments: The sera obtained from three different sources, i.e., from rabbits with experimental intradermal pneumonia as a model of acute infections, from rabbits challenged serially with live Streptococcus sanguis for 50 weeks as a representative of chronic infections, and finally from mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Salmonella enteritidis, Jena strain, as that of low virulence infections, were examined for their immunoglobulin levels.
In intradermal pneumonia, serum Ig G levels became markedly elevated one week after challenge, while in the rabbits receiving serial challenges of live streptococci, the elevation of Ig G levels occurred three weeks after the initial inoculation, and the elevated Ig G in both cases persisted unless the challenge was discontinued. In the low virulence infections, on the contrary, serum Ig G became slightly elevated throughout the experiments.
The Ig M levels in intradermal pneumonia, became to increase prior to the Ig, G elevation, but the transitory elevations of Ig M in the serially challenged rabbits were demonstrated at the early and the late stages of the course.
2. Clinical analyses: Nine cases of various pulmonary infections, 32 of typhoid and paratyphoid and 12 of septicemia were carried out to analysis.
In pulmonary infections, serum Ig G had been elevated at admission, and gradually decreased towards discharge. In typhoid and septic diseases, Ig G levels had stayed within normal range until 30 days of illness, when they became elevated. Then they began to decrease after 90-100 days.
Ig M levels in pulmonary infections stayed within normal range. In typhoid, however, Ig M in some cases decreased beyond normal limits at or around 50 days of illness. Ig M in septic diseases were increasing from early stage prior to the Ig G elevation.
Ig A, on the other hand, in pulmonary diseases had been elevated from early stage of illness but in other conditions did not reveal any significant changes.

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During one year starting from April 1, 1964, to March 31, 1965, in a small village in the South Yamagata Area, Yamagata Prefecture, bacteriological study was carried out on the stool specimens collected from 115 sporadic diarrheal cases in relation to clinical examinations.
The results were as follows:
1. The overall isolation rate of pathogenic bacteria throughout the period was 61.7%, with the striking increase in the spring and summer, three times higher than in the winter. The particularly high isolation rate was obtained in the children with acute gastroenteritis.
2. The bacteria recovered in this series included 32.3% of Proteus group; 28.1%, staphylococci; 11.2%, pathogenic E. coli; and 1.4%, Vibrio parahemolyticus. Shigellae and salmonellae, however, h ad not been detected throughout the peiod.
3. Proteus bacilli were found to be a most frequent causative agent for diarrhea in the summer among varied age groups. E. coli and staphylococci were rather frequently recovered from the patients of younger children in the spring. No distinct relationship was established between the remaining bacteria isolated and clinical features.

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