It has been reported that combined use of antibiotics and phenylbutazone (PB) in infectious diseases has “synergistic” effects similar to that of antibiotics and adrenocorticosteroid. Twenty four cases (5 typhoid fever, 3 pneumonia, 1 pyothorax, 10 exsudative pleuritis and 5 pulmonary tuberculosis) were treated by the author et al, PB being administered continuously for 7-14 days or more with a daily dosis from 200 to 600 mg.
Antipyretic effect was noted in most of the cases within 1-2 days, associated with improvement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leucocytosis, CRP, A/G ratio and chest. x ray findings as well as subjective signs. However, these effects were delayed few days in some cases.
The combined therapy with antibiotics and PB was effective in all 5 cases of typhoid fever, all 3 cases of pneumonia and 8 out of 10 cases of exsudative pleuritis. It failed to be effective in pyothorax and all five cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Consequently, it was effective in 16 out of 24 cases (67%) and not effective in 8 cases (33%). On the other hand, decreased urine output, proteinuria, glycosuria, hematuria, skin rash and gastrointestinal disturbance were noted in almost half of the cases as side effects, which, however, were not serious enough to discontinue medication except in 3 cases.
A single oral administration of 600 mg PB to normal adult demonstrated a decrease of 17-OHCS in blood in 6 hours, whereas simultaneously taken blood level of PB showed maximum concentration in 6-8 hours.
Reviewing 24 cases, combined therapy was effective when administered in acute: phase, especially within 14 days. Long term therapy was ineffective in most of the cases, for effecacy of this therapy could be expected even in short term administration. Summing up the results, though the combined therapy with antibiotics and PB was inferior to that. of antibiotics and adrenocorticosteroid in its efficacy, it is of note for new therapeutic. approach to infectious diseases, since less side effects were noted in the former than is the latter.

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Recently much attention has begun to be paid to aeromonas, a microorganism belonging to Pseudomonadeae with many similarities to enterobacteriaceae. Two patients suffering from acute diarrhea suspicious of bacillary dysentery were examined by the authors in January and August 1961. In both cases a sort of lactose non-fermenting and glucose fermenting, gram negative bacilli was isolated as rich as in pure culture from plate media streaked by stool specimens. The following identification revealed that these bacilli belonged to aeromonas. I Case: Female, 53 years old. Fatigue, vomittings fever of 38.0°C, diarrhea stools with pus, mucus and blood (5 x). A causative food was not detected. After the disappearance of aeromonas due to antibiotic therapy, no relaps was observed. Isolated bacilli demonstrated agglutination with mixed sera of Shigella flexneri obtained. by immunization of rabbit, but not with those of type and group sera, which was attributed to the exsistence of common antigen. The production of agglutintion was not confirmed by agglutination test against the isolated strains using patients' sera. LD5o of aeromonas to mice by intraperitoneal infection was calculated to 0.32 mg. Oral administration of the suspension of 5 mg bacilli to mice resulted neither in abnormal signs nor in isolation of bacilli from organs at the 8th day of the infection. II Case: Male, 18 years old. Lower abdominal pain associated with mucus and bloody diarrhea (5 x), fever to 38.5°C, leucocytosis of 13, 600. Octopus flavored with vinegar was suspected as the source of disease. Some of the isolated strains showed positive reaction by slide agglutination performed with mixed sera of Salmonella and C-2 (0-6, 8) group sera. Two isolated strains were sensi0tive to most antibiotics now available.
Consequently, both geromonas were regarded as causative organism for the glute diarrhea.
It is difficult to distinguish geromonas from enterobacteriaceae by routine tests in clinical laboratory attached to the hospital but cytochrome oxidase test has been known to be useful for this purpose. Consequently, aeromonas should be kept in mind in bacteriological examination of diarrhea stool specimens, a consideration which will prove more important in future.

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Multiple Occurrence of Omphalitis was observed among new borns, during the period from January to April, 1961, and following results were obtained by the epidemiological and bacteriolagical studies.
1) Monthly Occurence of 4-6 cases was observed during the period. All the cases except one fell ill at their home after return from the hospital.
2) By the bacteriological examination, 12 strains of coagulase positive and 2 strains of coagulase negative staphylococci and 2 strains of gram negative bacilli were isolated.
3) The coagulase positive staphylococci isolated were determined to belong to the 1 to group by the phage typing test, and 10 of them were determined to have the same phage pattern of 52-52A-80 which was the epidemic strain of pyodermia in the year 1959.
4) The most of the isolated strains from lesions were proved to be resistant against PC, SM, TC and more resistant agaist mercuric compound (sublimate or mercuric oxycyani d) as compared with the staphylococci of the other phage type.
5) The toxicity of the isolated strains in the blood agar culture exudate after freezing and drying was compared with each other for the and rabbit and sheep blood cell hemolysin and the toxicity against L-strain cell culture in tube, and the difference was recognized among the strains in their ability to produce toxic substance.
6) “Navel Powder” containing salicylic acid, pulvelized at the umbilical area proved to be effective for the prevention of Omphalitis.

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