(I) Clinical Part
Clinical investigations were carried out with 51 sporadic cases of infectious hepatitis. The analysis of the development of disease led us to the followingclassification:
I. a) Influenza type.
Influenza-like acute febrile onset with disorders of digestive organs.
b) Gastrointestinal type.
Afebrile onset with disorders of digestive organs.
II. Atypical type.
Insidious onset with retarded manifestation of jaundice.
The distribution of our cases were as follows:
I. a) 57%
I. b) 27%
II 16%
I. a) type took the most characteristic course of disease with a good prognosis. No fatal case was experienced. Protracted or severe cases belonged invariably to I. b) and II. In each of these two types two cases of acute liver atrophy were experienced. One fatal case was observed in I. b) and two in II, respectively. The patients of these two types did not keep quiet due to the still maintained sense of well-being, which might have influenced the prognosis unfavourably.
(II) Histological Part
Various liver function tests and liver biopsy were carried out with 64 sporadic cases of infectious hepatitis, in order to elucidate the patho-physiological process of the disease. The results were as follows:
1. The predominant findings in the acute stage consisted of necrosis and degeneration of liver cells, periportal inflammatory infiltration and mesenchymal reaction. The most striking feature, however, was the disarray of liver cell columns.
2. All the cases with manifest clinical symptoms demonstrated regularly the evidence of microscopic changes observed in the acute stage regardless of their week of illness.
3. In the recovery phase the normalisation of the histological changes inaugurated in the peripheral portion of the lobule and progressed then to the central. A remarkable improvement of the microscopic abnormalities was observed usually in 2-3 weeks, though there were protracted cases with a slow recovery.
4. Persistent changes in the latter were always apparent in the central portion of the lobule.
5. One case, with which the histological investigation of serial biopsy materials was. performed, revealed a conspicuous formation of pseudolobules. The possibility of development of liver cirrhosis could not be thus denied.
6. No significant difference of histological changes was recognized between the above mentioned three types.
7. Among the function tests the B. S. P. and the urine bilirubin correlated well to the histological findings, while the plasma protein pattern and various colloid reactions did not parallel with them.

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Stools of polio-patients were collected in 1955 from the various parts of Japan in order to isolate and type the viruses using the human embryonic tissue (skin-muscle, lung and kidney) and Hela cell culture.
1) For the collection paper boxes and test tubes with gum-cap were used. The latter seemed to be more adequate for the storage, though no exact comparative test was carried out.
2) The isolation rate of viruses was notmuch influenced by the various conditions during the transportation.
3) Thirty three polioviruses could be isolated using the human embryonic tissueand 24 using the Hela cells. Theformer is consequentlysomewhat superior to the latter.
4) Two viruses (one strain of poliovirus and one of untypable agent) were obtained by inoculation of a larger quantity (0.5-1.0ml.) from 10 specimens which gave no positve result by the ordinary method inoculating 0.1ml.
5) In order to avoid the toxic action of fecal materials, incubation of inoculated tubes at 4°C overnight was recommended by Dr. Endo. This method wasreexamined by the author. But it did not appear to be so effective. The results were asfollows: One cytopathogenic agent (non poliovirus) wasisolated; one fecal sample from which poliovirus had been isolated turned to negative by this method.
6) Poliovirus was detected in a higher dilution of the material within two weeks of illness and it's quantity decreased thereafter.
7) Sixty nine strains of poliovirus and 12 untypable agents were recovered from feces of 141 polio-patients in1956: Type I 53 (77%), Type II 9 (13%) and Type III 7 (10%). The total number from 1954 to 1956 amounted to 77:
Type I 55 (71%), Type II 13 (17%) and Type III 9 (12%)
8) Type I was most predominant in Japan like in the other countries of the world. The distribution was different from that of the other countries only in that type II was more isolated than type III.
9) The complement fixation test carried out together with the isolation test proved to be valuable for the diagnosis. The combination of two tests would be most desirable.

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