Low virulent salmonella enteritidis (Jena strain) was orally administered to the mice pretreated with streptomycin in order to investigate the multiplication of the agent in the intestine and the shift of it's infectivity for the purpose of clarifying the so called “host-parasite-relationship” in case of intestinal tract infections which still. remains unsettled. Moreover, the persistence of the strain in various portions of intestine and the shift of invasive ability were pursued by serial slaughter of the animals every day. In addition, the significance and the shift of usual intestinal flora which had been thought to influence the multiplication of exogenous agents were investigated. The results obtained were as follws:
1) Even by a large dosis of the microorganisms mentioned above, an infection could be seldomly induced to the mice, not to speak of fatal cases.
2) In the non-treated mice, the organism scarcely multiplied and a prolongation of dischargement was not observed at all, whereas in the mice pretreated with SM, the intestinal multiplication was apparently positive and accelerated, the period of multiplication being of a long duration.
3) These data were also confirmed by the serial slaughter experiment, the site of multiplication being mainly in colon, particulary in it's upper portion. The isolation of the microbe was difficult not only from various organs, but also from mesenteric lymph nodes. In other words, the invasion of the microbe into the other organs via intestinal mucous membrane hardly occurred even in the period where the intestinal multiplication was accelerated and the infectivity was elevated.
4) The concept, infectivity of a microbe was analyzed from the two factors, multiplying activity in the intestine and invasive ability into the organs.

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Isolation of the phages of E. coli was carried out by the authors for the study of phage screening of E. coli. Strains of E. coli were cultivated in the broth containing protamylase at 37° for 15-16 hours to obtain the phages of the agents.
Out of them, 10 phages demonstrating definite plaques and high infection titers were selected and their serological qualities were examined.
The specifities of the 10 phages were demonstrated by the neutralization test.
These phages were called P₂₂, P₂₃, P₃₁, P₃₄, P₃₅, P₃₈, P₃₉, P₄₂, P₄₆ and P₅₇ respectively according to the 0 antigens of the E. coli strains with which the phages were isolated. They were called P phage tentatively by the authors.
Then, the infection titer of the phages against the standard strains of 140 serotypes of E. coli, 0-1-0-140 was measured. Out of them, 96 serotypes were sensitive to the phages, whereas the remaining types proved non-sensitive.
Among the sensitive strains, there were those sensitive to one of the phages and the others sensitive to more than 2 phages.
Infection titers against the sensitive coli strains varied in degree.
These data promise us the possibility of phage screening of E. coli using the 10 phages.

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By cultivating E. coli in a broth with protamylase, 10 phages of E. coli were isolated. The phages exhibited a definite plaque and reached high infection titers. Serological specifity of them was demonstrated by neutralyzing tests. The phages were called P phages by the author tentatively.
Phage screening of representative strains of E. coli was performed with the phages according to the same method as the phage screening of staphylococcus.
Representative strains of 140 serotypes of E. coli were tested.
Representative strains of 91 among 140 serotypes were demonstrated as sensitive to the P phages.
There were serotypes sensitive only to one sort of P phages and those sensitive to more than 2 sorts. Various degrees of sensitiveness were recognized.
Phage screening of Salmonella and Shigella with the phages was carried out as control experiments according to the same method as E. coli.
Seventeen strains containing S. typhi among 76 strains of Salmonella were demonstrated as sensitive to the phages.
Thirteen strains among 17 cultures of Shigella containing various types were demonstrated as sensitive to the phages.
It was concluded by the author that phage screening of E. coli as well as some strains of Salmonella and Shigella would be possible using the P phages.

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Various serotypes of E. coli were tested using the phages cultivated by the authors following the same method as the staphylococcus phage screening. The 10 phages used in the test were called by the author tentatively P phages.
Tne results were as follows:
Out of 16 strains of O-26, 12 were non-sensitive to the phages and 4 were sensitive to P₂₂, P₃₁, P₃₄, P₃₉, P₄₂ and P₄₆ in various combinations. Thus, O-26 strains were divided into 6 phage types including non-sensitive strains.
Most of the 18 strains of O-55 were sensitive to the phages. Related phages were P₂₃, P₃₁, P₄₂ and P₄₆. The O-55 strains were divided in 7 phage types including nonsensitive strains.
Phage types of O-55 strains isolated from different infant groups were found to be not identical. Strains of O-55 from the same infant groups seemed to show a change of phage types according to the period of isolation.
Among the 17 strains of O-75, many were sensitive to P₂₂, P₃₄, P₃₅, P₃₉ and P₅₇ and divided into 6 phage types including non-sensitive one. Some of the phage types of the strains isolated from the same infants resembled each other or were identical, others, however, were different.
Among the strains isolated from the same feces, strains which showed almost the same sensitiveness to P phages were often found.
Out of the 8 strains of O-111, 2 were non-sensitive to P phages, but 6 showed a remarkable sensitiveness to P₄₆ alone. The isolated strains include only 2 phage types, with the implication that the identification of O-111 serotypes is possible and it is also useful for epidemiological research.
The same tests were performed on the O-1, O-2, O-13, O-25, O-44, O-86 and O-102 and the results were discussed.
Consequently, phage screening of E. coli seems to be a useful supplemental method for the identification of serotypes as well as for the epidemiological research of E. coli infection.

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Food poisoning due to Cl. welchii was experienced in September 1959 in Sano City of Tochigi Prefecture.
1. The patients were all adults, 3 men and 3 women, 6 persons in total.
2. One of them died. Mortality rate was 16.7%.
3. The incubation period was 15-17 hours.
4. The major signs and symptoms consisted of severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea, a fever being hardly noticed. Dehydration, emaciation and several vomiting were also recognized.
5. The poisoning was presumably caused by row slides of earshells.
6. No dysentery or salmonella bacilli was isolated from blood and stools of the patients or earshell slides. Thermostable Cl. welchii, however, was isolated from stools of the patients and the cooks as well as from the causative food.
7. It was presumed that Cl. welchii multiplied in the airtight condition, after the food, contaminated by the cooks, carriers of the agent, was heated and preserved in an airtight sack.

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The agglutinogen extracted after the method of Smolens and Mudd from the strains of phase I H. pertussis cultivated on the broth added with charcoal powder was investigated on its immunological characters using guinea-pigs and in Imman experiments.
The results were as follows:
1) According to the absorption test with the antiserum against phase I H. pertussis, the agglutinogen absorbed mainly the “K” agglutinin, but not the “0” agglutinin. On the other hand, according to the immunization test on guinea-pigs, the agglutinogen produced large amounts of “K” agglutinin and some amounts of “0” agglutinin. Consequently, the agglutinogen consists mainly of “K” agglutinogen and in a little percentage of “0” agglutinogen.
2) The blood agglutinin titer demonstrated an increase after the skin test with 10 units of agglutinogen, regardless of negative or positive reaction, indicating that the a agglutinogen is a complete antigen endowed with the ability of antibody-production as well as the productivity of skin reaction.
3) The skin tests in guinea-pigs were found to be a retarded reaction. The positive rate of the reaction in guinea-pigs and men was not related to the blood K-agglutinin titer, showing the reaction to be an allergic one.
Regarding the specifity, the skin reaction was remarkable in the guinea-pigs immunized with phase I H. pertussis as well as agglutinogen, not remarkable in the guinea pigs immunized with the strains of phase III H. pertussis and negative in the contrast guinea-pigs, demonstrating that the reaction is specific to the pertussis.

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The leucocyte count of peripheral blood was investigated in experimental inoculation (rabbits) of the influenza virus, ultra-centrifuged influenza virus, formalininactivated influenza virus, influenza vaccine, alantoic fluid, added merthiolate and formaline to physiological saline solution. The results were as follows:
1) Decrease in leucocyte count was observed in rabbits after the injection, presumably by a substance which was produced in rabbits by influenza virus, but not directly by the virus.
2) Leucocyte count showed no change after the inoculation of influenza vaccine.
3) In the early stage of virus inoculation, leucocyte count decreased, then increased temporally and decreased again.
4) When the virus was given to the rabbits with hemagglutinin titer under 2⁵, leucocyte count demonstrated no change. The leucocyte count decreased, however, when the virus was inocultated to the rabbits with the titer over 2⁶.

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The Ogawa medium which is used for the cultivation of M. tuberculosis and usually permits only a poor growth of C. albicans, usually demonstrated in 3 days white, creamy colonies of C. albicans, when 0.1 ml of its saline suspension was inoculated on the medium containing 1007/m1 malachite green on which M. tuberculosis had been cultivated for 6 days.
Histological observation of this paraffin section of the colonies revealed tdat C. albi-cans grew on the surface of the M. tuberculosis colonies and inversely the latter on the colonies of the former.
Measurment of oxygen consumption and colony count revealed that culture filtrates of C. albicans promoted the multiplication of M. tuberculosis., and culture filtrates of M. tuberculosis (H37RV) promoted also the multiplication of C. albicans in Kirchner medium.
Culture filtrates of C. albicans was antagonistic to the inhibitory action of INAH for M. tuberculosis.
On the ogawa medium previously inoculated with sputum, the colonies of symbiotic C. albicans grew more rapidly and its colinial population was greater than on the 3% Ogawa medium.

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