Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases

Studies of Gastrointestinal Flora in various Surgical Diseases Part I Flora in Cases without Administration of Antibiotics

Shigehisa TODA

1961 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages 1009-1017
Published: January 20, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11552/kansenshogakuzasshi1926.34.1009

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Studies of gastrointestinal flora in various surgical diseases are interesting and necessary for the prevention and treatment of postoperative infections.
Although stool specimens have so far been used for this type of study, I used contents of the stomach, the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum and the transverse colon aspirated by direct needle punctures incidentally performed in 65 laparotomies.
The number of gram-negative bacilli becomes less and less as the gastrointestinal tracts are traced upward in chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer while more gram-positive cocci were found in the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tracts in chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. In gastric cancer and cholecystopathia, considerable number of gram-negative bacilli were also found in the upper portion.
Difference of diseases do not affect the distribution of gram-negative cocci, grampositive bacilli and yeasts.
The distribution of flora in various diseases is not merely related to the degree of the acidity of the gastric contents.
Susceptibility to antibiotics of isolated strains was tested in behalf of the prevention and the treatments of postoperative infections.

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Studies of Gastrointestinal Flora in various Surgical Diseases

Part II: Alternation of the Distribution of Gastrointestinal Flora by Administration of Antibiotics

Shigehisa TODA

1961 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages 1018-1025
Published: January 20, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11552/kansenshogakuzasshi1926.34.1018

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This subject is being discussed recently as an interesting topic from the view point of ‘The alternation of intestinal flora’.
The results are as follow:
1) Tracings were made of the alternation of flora in various parts of the gastrointestinal tracts in 49 different surgical cases in which laparotomies were performed. Specimens were collected by the method described in Part I.
2) Means of the administration and dosage of the antibiotics necessary to cause the alternations were discussed. And thus the antibiotics advisable in each case are listed.
3) In chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer, either streptomycin, chloramphenicol or tetracycline should be used together with other antibiotics effective for grampositive cocci in order to prevent postoperative infections. In gastric cancer and cholecystopathia, however, it is quite satisfactory to use any one of them alone.
4) The alternation of intestinal flora was recognized in cases treated with tetracycline
5) Susceptibility to antibiotics of isolated strains was tested in hehalf of the prevention and treatments of postoperative infections which occurred in cases with preoperative administration of antibiotics.

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Studies on the Heredity of Antibiotic-Resistance of Dysentery Bacilli

II. The combination of antibiotic-resistances by means of mixed culture

Toshiki YAMANAKA

1961 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages 1026-1033
Published: January 20, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11552/kansenshogakuzasshi1926.34.1026

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By means of mixed culture of single-antibiotic-resistant and two-anti-biotics-resistant strains of dysentery bacilli, two- or three-antibiotics-resistant strains were obtained anew as follows:
1) The combination of SM- and TC-single-resistant strains produced a SM. TCresistant strain.
2) Likewise, the combination of SM- and CM-single resistant strains brought forth a SM. CM-resistant strain.
3) A SM. CM. TC-resistant strain was produced by the combination of TC-singleresistant and SM. CM-resistant strains.
4) Equally, a SM. CM. TC-resistant strain was produced by the combination of SM-single-resistant and CM. TC-resistant strains.
5) Obviously different results were obtained between the naturally resistant strains and those artificially induced, examined by the transferences experiments.
6) The naturally multiple-resistant strains are likely not to have developed from the combination of single-antibiotic and 2-antibiotics-resistant strains.

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Studies on the Heredity of Antibiotic-Resistance of Dysentery Bacilli

III. Deprivation-sensitization of antibiotic-resistances and their partial transference

Toshiki YAMANAKA

1961 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages 1034-1042
Published: January 20, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11552/kansenshogakuzasshi1926.34.1034

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By mixed culture of anitibiotic-resistant strains of dysentery bacilli and those sensitive to antibiotics, a sensitization of resistant strains was brought about.
The sensitization occurred also by means of successive cultures of the resistant strains on incomplete nutrient media.
A complete sensitization or a partial deprivation of resistance occurred with these strains, of which SM. CM. ST-resistant strains and TC-single-resistant ones were the easiest to be converted into sensitive ones.
In case of the transference of resistance, there were strains to which the resistance was partially transfered, i.e. the SM. CM. ST-resistance and the TC-single-resistance being separated.
In case of the transference of multiple-antibiotics-resistance, the ST-resistance appeared to be transferred together with the SM-resistance.
The multiple-antibiotics-resistant strains were likely to appear all at once, and the antibiotics-resistant and the single- antibiotic-resistant strains seemed to originate from the multiple-antibiotics-resistant ones through the deprivation of resistance.

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Clinical Experience with Triacetyloleandomycin

Masataka KATSU, Matsuo YANAGISAWA, Shinichi ENOMOTO, Tamotsu TAMAI, Ki ...

1961 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages 1043-1048
Published: January 20, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11552/kansenshogakuzasshi1926.34.1043

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Triacetyloleandomycin (T. A. O) was administered to. 14 cases. These were peritonitis secondary to perforation of visceral organ, furuncle, peritonsillar abscess, suppurative meningitis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, cystitis, peritonsillitis, pyothorax, subdiaphragmatic abscess, thrombophlebitis and 3 cases of sepsis. T. A. O was effective in 11 cases and not in 3 cases.
Adult dose of T. A. O. ranged from 0.8gm to 2gm and in majority, it was 1.0-1.2gm per day.
Duration of the administration ranged from 4 to 59 days depending on the severity of illnesses.
Total amount was 3.2-95.6 gm. In effective cases, the interval in which temperature came down to normal was between 2 to 10 days, but in most of them, it was 2-4 days, average being 3.8 days.
Skin rash, diarrhea and nausea were observed as side effects of T. A. O. All of them were noted in cases who had been given T. A. O. for a long period, but these were not so severe to necessitate the withdrawal of T. A. O.
In summarizing, T. A. O. was given to 14 cases and was effective in 79%.

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[title in Japanese]

1961 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages 1052-1053
Published: January 20, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11552/kansenshogakuzasshi1926.34.1052

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