Through the investigations on the diagnostic methods of rabies by complement fixation tests (CFT), especially on the Ando's mehod, it was found that C F-antigenicity decreased by the treatment of the antigen with amyl-alcohol. From this evidence, phospholipid of the antigen was considered to be concerned in the reaction, and the following experiments were conducted.
1) Using the solvents for lipids, such as amyl-alcohol, chloroform, ether, and petroleum ether, the lipid was extracted from the antigens. The effect of the extracted materials on the CFT titers was studied.
2) The analysis of the chemical components of the antigens extracted with those solvents was carried out. The investigations were made on the relationship between the amount of phospholipid, N-contents of proteins, and the C F-antigenicities, and also on the relationship between lipo-proteins and C F-antigenicities.
The results were as follows:
1) A decrease in the antigenicity of C F-antigen of rabies was observed, if the antigen was treated with solvents such as amyl-alcohol, chloroform, ether, and petroleum ether.
2) The amount of phospholipid of the antigen digested with trypsin, and of the putrefied brain antigen was larger than that of the antigen prepared by the Ando's method, also decreased by the treatment with amyl-alcohol.
3) From the result that the amount of phospholipid was in proportion to the CF-antigensicity, the phospholipid was assumed to be the main component of the CFT-antigens.
4) The phospholipid transformed by the rabies virus infection was considered to play an important role in the reaction.

View full abstract

In order to study the effects of ACTH-Z and Decadron on enzymes of the TCA cycle of the Mice inoculated with japanese B encephalitis virus, the Mb reduction activity and the Qo₂ value were measured by means of the Thunberg method and Warburg apparatus using the homogenates of brain tissue of these mice added with lactic, pyruvic, citric and succinic acids.
The results were as follows:
1) The Mb reduction activities of brain tissue of healthy mice for lactic, pyruvic, citric and succinic acids were 5.58, 6.57, 3.52 and 13.40, respectively ; the Q0₂ values were 3.28, 3.96, 2.01 and 4.42, respectively.
2) ACTH-Z and Decadron demonstrated a tendency of increasing the Mb reduction activities of healthy mice for all the substrates mentioned above and induced a marked increase of the Qo₂ values.
3) In brain tissue of the japanese B encephalitis mice, the substrate oxidating ability was strongly decreased day by day in the Mb reduction as well as in the Qo₂value against lactic and pyruvic acids and in the Qo₂ value against citric acid. The succinic acid oxidating ability, however, was well maintained in the Mb reduction as well as in the Qo₂ value. Consequently, a marked impairment of metabolism in the initial stage of the TCA cycle was observed in the brain tissue of japanese Bencephalitis mice.
4) By the use of ACTH-Z and Decadron, the decrease of Mb reduction ability as well as Qo₂ value was markedly inhibited in the brain tissue of japanese B encephalitis mice.
It was concluded that these hormones seemed to have beneficial effects on the tissue respiration for a relatively long time, until almost the end of the disease.

View full abstract

It was discovered by the author that antibiotic-resistance was transferable from an antibiotic-resistant strain of Shigella to a sensitive one by mixed cultivation of these two strains. The transferability was observed between various types of Shigella and with a variety of antibiotics.
The resistance transferred in this way could be transferred to another sensitive strain. The degree of the resistance transferred was almost the same as that of the donor strain, whereas a little difference was noted with SM-resistance.
The transfer of resistance was demonstrated already one hour after the mixed cultivation.
The acquired resistance was almost stable in the usual agar medium as well as through successive cultivations. The strain with acquired resistance demonstrated no difference in morphological and biological properties, as compared with the original strain.
For the transfer of resistance, the existence of the living bacterial body of both resistant and sensitive strains, especially in the state of multiplication was necessary.
These results indicate that the transfer of resistance is not to be explained by the conception of recombination.

View full abstract

For the study of combined use of adrenal steroid and antibiotics to the experimentally induced infection, single and combined use of Cortisone and Tetracycline were applied in Goodner's intradermal pneumococcal infection of rabbit 2 hours after challenge.
Four grades of quantity of Tc (5-10mg, 25mg, 50mg and 100mg, ) were administered to the separate groups of rabbit.
In regard to the dose of cortisone one of my colleagues had reported previously that the combination of procain penicillin and small dose of cortisone exerted no beneficent synergism upon skin change and bacteremia until 25 mg of cortisone was combined.
Such being the case 25 mg of cortisone was combined with various doses of Tc thereafter empirically.
Resuts were as follows:
1) Small dose: Simultaneous use of Tc 5-25 mg and Cs 25 mg suppressed the local skin change, and on the other hand, an apparent bacteremia was introduced in comparison with the same amount of Tc single use.
2) Moderate dose: Simultaneous use of Tc 50mg and Cs 25mg showed a more apparent suppression of its skin change, while there was an encouraged bacteremia (comparatively weaker than case 1) as compared with single use.
3) Large an sufficient dose: When Tc 100mg and Cs 25 mg used simulaneously, it has been noted that a much more favorable effect on its skin change was found among 3 groups examined and no more bacteremia was seen.
In short, combined use of Cs with even bacteriostatic antibiotics such as Tc gave rise to a marked effect on suppression of both its skin change and bacteremia in the experimental pneumococcal infection of rabbit, just like the findings obtained by bactericidal antibiotics, only when a large and sufficient amount of Tc is used.

View full abstract

The following results were obtained from the clinical investigations on 22 cases of acute pneumonia in the last winter.
1) Almost the half of the patients were over 50 years old and 43 years on theaverage.
2) Of 14 cases bacteriologically investigated, pneumococci were positive in 5 cases, staphylococci in 12 cases and streptococci in 7 case, respectively.
3) PC, MC etc. among the antibiotics used, PC, MC, TC, CM and EM were not efective in the single use, whereas they proved to be effective in many cases, when used in combination with other 3 agents, especially with EM.

View full abstract

Several human cases of psittacosis demonstrating various forms of chest X-ray findings have been reported by the authors since 1957.
At present, for the purpose of experimental studies on the psittacosis infections, the lung lesions of guinea pigs experimentally infected with psittacosis group virus were followed up roentgenologically, and some animals were sacrificed for the histological studies. Under various conditions, the chest roentgenography was performed with the guinea pigs, inoculated intra-tracheally with yolk sac emulsion infected with Goat Pneumonitis virus-Nagano strain (kindly offered by Dr. Omori, The Natiokal Institute of Animal Health).
As the experimental results, the best condition for chest roentgenography of guinea pigs was determined: not only sagittal but also lateral projections were carried out and demostrated to be very useful for analizing the lung lesions. By using this method, the chest X-ray findings of guinea pigs comparable to these of human cases were obtained, and thess findings were also investigated histologically.
This method is expected to be very useful for the study of lung infections of various origiri.

View full abstract

One thousand four hundred and sixty seven strains of Staphylococcus were isolated from lesions and anterior nare of patients, who visited the otorhinolaryngological clinic of the Komagome Hospital. These strains were biochemically investigated, their sensitivity against several antibiotics was tested, and the phagetyping of these strains was done, comparing with 205 strains of Staphylococcus isolated from nasal cultures of patients in the wards of infectious diseases and of newborns, and 94 strains of moteers and staffs of the obstetric wards.
Results were as follows:
1) The incidence rate of Staphylococcus aureus was higher among strains from lesions and nasal cultures of otorhinolaryngological patients than those of the control group.
2) The rate of antibiotic-resistant strains was 71. 1% of strains from lesions of otorhinolaryhngological patients, 28. 3% of nasal cultures of these patients, 84. 4% of those in the wards of infectious diseases, and 88. 3% of those of those of newborns.
Among resistant strains of the otorhinolaryngological source, Penicillin resistant strains were most frequently found, but, on the contrary, Tetracyclin resistant strains predominated the control group.
3) The percentage of phage-typed strains was especially high in strains from otorhinolaryngological lesions, and phage-typed strains which belonged to the second group, were most frequently detected.
4) There were many cases, in which the strain from lesion indicated the different paagetype than that of anterior nare.
5) By over two times repeated cultures of the same lesion, cases with the same typed strains were less found than those with strains of differnt types.
In conclusion, a strain of Staphylococcus, isolated from a lesion of otorhino laryngological patient, should not be immediately decided, to be a pathogenic organism for this lesion.
It is indeed evident, that the nasal Staphylococcal flora has been influenced by the use of antibiotics, but its relations with organisms, isolated from otorhinolaryngical lesions, have not always been clear, therefore, it is difficult to decide, whether it may have a pathogenic significance or not.

View full abstract