Experimental studies on Salmonellosis using Vietnam monkeys revealed the following conclusions:
1. In the early stage of the infection, the lesions, where bacilli were multiplying, seemed to be localized in ileum.
2. In the large intestine, especially in rectum and sigmoid colon, it was demonstrated that ulcer formation was not severer than that of shigellosis in monkeys by means of both histo-pathological and immunofluorescense techniques.
3. In early bacteremia stage, there were no lesions in endocardium and myocardium, and the bacilli were detected along the blood vessel wall of the endocardium for only a very short period.
4. In gallbladder, distinct pathological changes were demonstrated microscopically in many cases, and invasion of bacilli was obviousely observed by F.A.T. too. These findings indicate that bacteriological examination of bile is indispensable in search of long term salmonella carriers of man.
5. In urinary bladder, histological changes were not so evident as in the gallbladder. In kidney there were no changes in all the monkeys included in this study.
6. Abrupt increase of serum potassium levels was observed both after manifestation of infection and just before the death of cases. However, there were only slight changes through the infection in serum natrium levels. As to the serum protein fraction levels determinated by electrophoresis with cellulose acetate membrane, slight decrease of albumin levels and graduall increase of alpha-2 and beta globulin levels were observed as well as increase of serum glycoprotein levels. But there was no change in gamma, globulin levels.

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Since the discovery of antibacterial agents and their widespread use, some ecological changes occured among the strains of bacteria isolated from clinical sources. S. aureus, Shigella and other gram-negative rod bacteria, E. coli, Proteus, Pyocyaneus, Klebsiella and Aerobacter groups are isolated most frequently, play a leading role in pathological lesions and contribute to the pattern of infections seen today in hospital. The fact that these bacterial strains have easily acquired multiple resistance against antibacterial agents, is mainly responsible for successful parasitism and surviving under circumstances of the widespread and enormous use of antibacterial agents.
The R factors are now widespread among the strains of Shigella and other gram-negative rod bacteria, and confer drug-resistance to TC, CP, SM, SA, KM and AB-PC. The quadruply-resistant pattern, (TC, CP, SM, SA) of R factor is encountered most frequently.
The genetic properties of R factor and mechanisms of R factor resistant strains are described. According to the demonstration of T factors, the origin of R factor is discussed.

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