in April, 1958, a strain of E. coli, i. e. our 59-58, was isolated by the authors from a stool of dysentery patient (male, 39) in pure culture. The stool was obtained from the patient in the acute stage and was mucous with blood.
This strain cultured was non-motile and behaved biochemically as shown in Tab. 1.
The serological examinations revealed that the 0 antigen of E. coil 59-58 neither belonged nor was related to the 0 antigens of 0 Groups (1-136) of E. coli known so far. However, the 0 and K antigens of this E. coli were, as shown in Tab. 2, almost completely identical with those of Sh. boydii 8, the serotype of shigellae known to have no antigenic relationship to the already established 0 Groups (1-137) of E. coll.
Thus it was concluded that our E. coli 59-58 was a hitherto undescribed newserotype of E. coli.
Author's experimental results were fully confirmed by Dr. Ewing and by agreement with Dr.ørskov Ewing had designated our strain 59-58 as Escherichia coli 0 Group 143.

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The Hokkaido strain of pig cholera vibrios were injected into the rabbits using the once-infection-method, and the thermal reaction and development of infection were pursued in order to study the pathogenesis of heat generation.
The results were as follows:
1) The experimental infection produced by the author (living vibrios 10) resembled very much in signs and symptoms the human one, having the course of illness for 7 days and was readily reproduced.
2) The thermal reaction was in proportion to the amount of vibrios injected intravenously, which always caused a marked fever in a dosis over 10³. The dead vibrios. stand also in a proportional relationship with the heat, demonstrating a pattern similar to, the pyrogen fever.
3) The vibrios injected were cleared in a very short period of time from the blood. stream, reappearing from 12 or 24 hours on. They were already detected within an hour in the reticulo-endothelial system, and then gradually distributed to the entire organs.
4) The histological stain of vibrio, the histological examination of the organs and the measurement of spleen weight revealed that the reticulo-endothelial system situated chiefly in the liver and spleen played a major rôle in pig cholera infection.
5) From the above mentioned results and the evidence in the literature, it might be concluded, that the pathogenic organisms and the ingredients of vibrio body were involved in the heat generation in our experimental infection and the tissue factor also played a rôle.

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Biological characteristics of highly drug-resistant dysentery bacilli isolated from 1953 to 1957 were investigated.
The results were as follows;
1) An oxytetracycline-, chlortetracycline- and tetracycline-resistant strain of Sh. fl. 2b was isolated in 1953, a streptomycin-, chloramphenicol-, oxytetracycline-, chlortetracyclineand tetracycline-resistant strain of Sh. fl. 4a in 1955, a chloramphenicol-, oxytetracycline-, chlortetracycline- and tetracycline- and tetracycline-resistant strain of Sh. sonnei in 1956 and a streptomycin-, chloramphenicol-, oxytetracycline-, chlortetracycline- and tetracyclineresistant strain of Sh. fl. 2b in 1957, respectively.
2) No difference in the biological behaviours i. e. fermentation reactions, IMViC reactions, catalase reaction, KNO3 reducing activity, virulence, acid-agglutination, ultraviolet ray resistance and requirement of nutrition was noted between the drug-resistant strains and the drug-sensitive strains.
3) Degree of drug-resistance to antibiotics was constant for a long period of time as, long as 4 years and 8 months.
4) There was a close cross-resistance among oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and tetracycline and a slight one among tetracycline-drugs and chloramphenicol. When a strain was made streptomycin-resistant artificially, its resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline-drugs decreased.
5) All bacilli in one colony were equal in the degree of sensitivity to antibiotics.
6) With the single cell culture technique of a drug-resistant strain, all bacilli from a drug-resistant strain were equal in the degree of sensitivity to the original strain.

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1. Healthy persons: The isolation rate of Candida-group was found 25.4 per cent in healthy persons (in the case of C. alb. 18.6 per cent). The rate, highest in infancy decreases in the following order; aged person, adult, pupil, suckling child, new born children New born children showed 18.8 per cent, a few days after their birth. The suckling child 22.4 per cent, higher: in the case of artificially fee child.
It was higher in the female, eikOally in pregnant, lying-in and old women. Seasonally, it was highest in summer.
The C-gtoup was consistently found in feces all through the year. in 14 per cent.
2. Acute infectious diseases: The rate in persons suffering from acute infectious diseases was 57.3 (38.3) per cent. Concerning the age and sex, it was higher in child, and female. Serious cases demonstrated a higher value. There was no significant difference in the isolation rate between carriers and patients.
It was highest in summer, then spring, autumn, and lowest in winter.
3. Internal diseases: The rate was 37.2 (26.5) per cent, inflammatory disease 37.7 (26.0) per cent, syphilis 53.8 (42.3) per cent, cancer 73.1 (61.5) per cent, mental disease 33.3 (23.8) per cent.
4. Tuberculosis pulmonalis; The rate was 44.6 (32.4) per cent. The serious cases showed a higher rate with watery or soft stools. Seasonally it was higher in summer and all through the year the C-group was consistently found among some patients.
5. In the cases of acute infectious diseases administered antibiotics, it was 64.6 per cent, higher than in the group without medication. About a 40 per cent rise was noted by the administration of the antibiotics. The rate of isolation was in the following order; AM, ACM, TM, CM, SM and PC.
By medication, there was a decrease or disappearance of Coli-group, in contrast to the increase of C-group, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Proteus in feces. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, given SM, demonstrated Candida in over one-half of the cases.

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The therapeutic effects of Pans 1355 were assessed by the medical staffs of 5 municipal isolation hospitals in the same way of administration previously agreed in order to avoid differential results caused by the varying methods hitherto used.
The results were as follows:
1) The patients, admitted within 4 days of illness on suspition of Japanese B encephalitis were alternately divided into two groups, i. e. the group injected with Pans and the other noninjected as control. The diagnosis of these patients were serologically or pathologically confirmed.
2) Pans 1355 was intravenously injected four times a day in a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight generally for 5 days.
3) The Pans-treated group included 21 cases and the control group 46 cases. The two groups were in the same range of age and the therapy was initiated in the same days of illness. Both groups demonstrated little differences in clinical severity on admission, maximal temperature, duration of fever and clinical course.
4) Mortality rate was 19% in the treated group and 32.5% in the control group, a, difference statistically not significant. The survival rate was 71.3 % in the former and 56.5% in the latter.
5) Nausea and vomiting, though not so severe as to discontinue the therapy, were observed in some cases as the side effects of Pans.

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1) The mouse-fixed distemper viruses cultivated in chickembryo or in mouse-brain were inoculated the twenty dogs which had not yet contracted distemper. The symptoms of canine distemper developed were: fever in 19 dogs, conjunctivitis in 18 dogs, coryza as well as exanthemas or pustules of skin in 18 dogs, diarrhoea and anorexia in 19 dogs, decrease of body weight in all dogs, cough in 7 dogs, pneumonia by autopsy in 10 dogs., slight hard pad in 3 out of 20 dogs.
2) Dogs of same litter were inoculated with the mouse-fixed measles virus (4 dogs) and/or mouse-fixed distemper virus (3 dogs). Most symptoms characteristic to canine distemper developed, especially exanthemas undistinguishable from those of native canine distemper were observed in both groups. But Koplik's spots were not observed.

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