1. Influenza A epidemics were observed in every second year during 9 years from 1950 to 1958 in Kyoto Prefecture, whereas influenza B epidemic was experienced only once in this time period. Influenza B, however, was sometimes found among the epidemics of influenza A.
2. New variant strains of influenza A virus (influenza A asian 57 virus) were first isolated in May 1957. Epidemics due to this virus broke out three times ; from May to June, from September to November 1957 and in March 1958.
3. During 6 months from December 1956 to May 1957, three epidemics were observed in succession; influenza B, influenza A and influenza A asian 57 type.
4. During these 9 years, 113 strains of influenza virus were isolated from the mouth washings of the patients in Kyoto, Shiga and Hyogo Prefectures. The positive isolation rate was highest with influenza A asian 57 type (69.9%) and lowest with influenza B virus (18.9).
5. The Nakagawa strain was isolated from a mouth washing of a patient using mice in June 1951. This virus was indentified as HVJ.
6. The influenza virus can be isolated from the mouth washings of the patients until seven days after the onset of the disease.
7. The complement fixation test using the sera of immunized guinea pig is the best method in identifying the newly isolated virus strain.

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Two dysenteriform cases, an adult and an infant, probably caused by E. coli O-119, were experienced recently by the author. The clinical course and execretion of the bacillus in the stool were investigated in both cases. Since the pathogenicity of E. coli O-119 to humans has not yet been clearly defined, an ingestion experiment of this bacillus was carried out on four volunteers, to demonstrate the pathogenicity of the bacillus to humans. In the naturally infected cases, especially in the adult, the same symptoms as that of bacillary dysentery were observed, namely, high fever, abdominal pain and hemorrhagic and mucus diarrhea accompanied with tenesmus. Although fever was not high in the infant, abdominal pain, tenesmus and hemorrhagic and mucous diarrhea were also observed. In both cases, the symptoms as well as the character of the stools were rapidly improved by administration of chloranphenicol.
Among the voluteers, the two who ingested the bacilli in the amount of 10⁹, suffered from mucus and watery diarrhea, tenesmus and abdominal pain, but not from fever and hemorrhagic diarrhea. They also complained of fatigue, headache, anorexia and abdominal distress. Fatigue, headache and abdominal distress were also observed in the other two cases who ingested the bacilli in the amount of 10⁷, but there was no fever and no severe diarrhea.
The more bacilli were ingested, the earlier were they recovered from the stool. In all cases E. coli O-119 was detected within 3 to 5 days. No marked elevation of serum agglutination titer against the bacillus was demonstrated.

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Serological investigations were carried out on 584 infants suffering from grip between July 1956 and May 1958.
The results were as follows:
1). Twenty seven adenovirus infections and 49 suspicious ones were found.
2). The CF test of adenovirus converted to positive in most cases in a week after the onset of the disease, the highest value being observed between the 2nd and 3rd week. CF antibody titer remained unchanged for a year in 2 cases which had been followed up for 13 and 14 months, respectively.
3). No relationship was recognized between CF antibody titer of adenovirus and those of CF and HI tests of “Influenza” A, NVJ and psittacosis. CF antibody titer of adenovirus was not correlated to titers of cold and MG agglutination tests.
4) The cases of adenovirus infection amounted to Ca 10% of all grip infants during these two years.
The infection occurred almost all through the year with a slight seasonal fluctuation. School boys (6 or 7 years of age) were predisposed to the disease, though every year of age contracted it.
5). Regarding the age distribution, the positive rate was 18.1% with sucklings between 0 or 2 months and 0% with those between 2 or 4 months. It increased to 30-60% with young children and school boys. It was concluded from these results that the rate of adenovirus infection was fairly high among grip infections.

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Seventy six cases of adenovirus iufection were clinically investigated. The results were as follows:
1). Pharyngitis was most often and then bronchitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia and rhinitis were in this order encountered.
2). As for the signs and symptoms, fever was observed in 77.6%, cough in 71.0%, rhinorrhoe in 51.3%, conjunctivitis in 23.7%, swelling of cervical lymph nodes in 13.2%, exanthema in 1.3%. The other symptoms were almost the same as other grip diseases. No difference was found between sucklings, infants and school boys.
3). Fourty seven point three percent of the cases demonstrated a fever of 39°C and in 80% of all cases the fever subsided within 4 days.
4). No difinite tendency was detected concerning the blood sedimentation rate, but the cases w ith pharyngitis or bronchitis tended to show an acceleration. No characteristic evidence was noted in the number and pattern of white blood corpuscles.
5). Ten out of 45 cases with breast symptoms demonstrated transient infiltration, when investigated roentgenologically, which was hardly distinguished from the atypical pneumonia.
6). Streptococcus viridans was most frequently isolated from the pharynx from every diagnostic group and next frequently staphylococcus. Pneumococcus and influenza bacillus were very rarely recovered.
7). Complications were noted only in 9 cases, out of which 5 cases were associated with nephritis and one case with otitis media and another one w ith scarlet fever. A case complicated by serous meningitis is added.

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Three strains of measles virus were isolated through the successive transmission of serum taken from 4 patients in the epidemic 1953 in Tokyo into the brains of young mice directly after the weaning. These strains could be fixed so that they always infect the mice bringing them to death in 4-5 days. They were identified by the neutralisation test with rabbit immune sera against Ohki strain, one of the mouse-fixed strains isolated and fixed by Arakawa (1948, 1949, 1953).
Out of 13 sucklings in the hospital, who contracted measles, 8 demonstrated the conversion of complement fixation by Ohki strain to positive. The neutralisation antibody of these 8 sucklings showed a neutralisation index of 1.17-2.83 in 43 or 58 days.
The neutralisation antibody titer and the complement fixation antibody titer of two patients and their parents and another patient and his mother against Ohki strain increased day by day and then decreased again. Those staying together, however, demonstrated only a latent infection.

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The candida group (70%: Candida albicans) was isolated in a fairly great rate from the saliva or/and feces of normal and diseased persons, with some settling there for years. The isolation rate of negative cases, if given antibiotics, increased markedly, the majority of them converting to positive both in saliva and feces, without necessarily demonstrating candidosis. In newborns candida appeared first in the mouth and then also in the feces. From the identity of the strains isolated, it might by concluded that the candida entered into the body chiefly from the mouth, remained in the mouth and intestine of the all age groups and was excreted in the feces.
The higher isolation rate and the greater variety of strains isolated in the feces than in the saliva suggest that the intestinal canal offers a suitable place for multiplication and constitutes the infectious source.

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The influenza epidemic beginning in May 1957 was caused by a different viurs than those higherto known. This epidemic which has developed to a great one because-of a lack of immunity among the population offers many interesting problems. Among them, vaccination of A/Adachi/2/57 as a preventive measure and its results are reported in this paper.
1) Material for investigation:
One hundred thirty six persons of Sanraku-En, 87 of Unjaku-Ryo, 47 of a school for the deaf and dumb, 90 of a domitory of an agricultural school, 207 of Tomita and Hishi middle school and 13 family members. Five hundred eighty persons in total.
2) Method of vaccination:
0.1 cc, 0.2cc, intracutaneously.
0.2 cc, 0.3 cc, 0.5 cc 0.7 cc once subcutaneously.
And the combination of these injections.
The antibody titer after 2 or 3 injections were compared.
3) Side effects:
Local reactions on the intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections were recognized in most cases. However, they were only slight ones as to be able to continue the therapy.
4) Results of vaccination:
I). One group with antibody titer<1; 16 before vaccination
1) One intracutaneous injection
increase of antibody titer to 1; 16 or 1; 66: 45.0%
increase of antibody titer>1; 128 35.0%
2) One subcutaneous injection
increase of antibody titer to 1; 16 or 1; 64: 14.3%
increase of antibody titer>1; 128 21.4%
II). The other group with antibody titer of 1; 16 or 1; 64 before vaccination
1) One intra- and one subcutaneous injection.
2) Two intra- and two subcutaeous injections.
No differnce was noted between these two methods concerning the effectiveness, i. e., an increase of antibody titer>1; 128 was obtained in 90.0% of this group by both methods.
The group with antibody titer>1; 16 before vaccination demonstrated a lower degree of rise by one injection as compared with the results of two injections.
The antibody began to be formed in about 5 days after the vaccination and reached the highest value in 7 or 10 days.

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In the previous report, a strong increment of total reducing sudstance and true sugar in the height of ekiri was reported together with the shift of these values toward A<V and the great divergence of them, which was interpreted as the results of frequent and discontinuous adrenalin stimulations.
In this report, non-protein nitrogen, creatine and creatinine were measured with the same sera of arterial and venous blood with which in the first report blood sugar level was determined, since a marked release of residual non-glucose reducing substance in the height of ekiri was presumed in the peripheral blood.
It was revealed that these residual reducing substances were conspicuously increased at the height of ekiri in the arterial as well as in the venous blood as compared with dysentery, and the venous values tended to be much higher than the arterial ones.
These data led the author to the conclusion that the level of residual reducing substances elevated at the height of ekiri could not be reduced only upon the oliguria characteristic of this condition but also upon a release of substances such as creatinine into the blood stream caused by the overall muscle-cramps or the elevated muscular tension and last but not least on the abnormal increase of metabolism due to the predominance of sympathic nervous system.

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