Experimental Shigella infection has already been investigated with a variety of experimental animals, with the resulting fact that it is quite difficult to infect normal animals by peroral administration of Shigella.
Experimental dysentery was induced to mice by peroral administration of Sh. flex. 2b for the purpose of therapeutic studies as well as of clarifying biological meanings of the intestinal flora.
The results were as follows:
1) In the non-pretreated group given Shigella orally, positive culture was observed only for two or three days without any symptom such as diarrhea.
2) Pretreatment by streptomycin prolonged the persistency of Shigella in intestine, the longest being for 114 days.
3) Cortison and X-ray irradiation were also effective for the prolongation of positive culture to a certain degree.
4) Pretreatment by sensitization with homo- and heterologous antigens was not effective in extending the period of positive culture.
5) Injecting of CCl₄ and yellow phosphorus prolonged the period of positive culture to a great extent.
6) Administration of opium tincture had also some effect on it.
7) Based on these results, the problem as for the persistence of dysentery bacilli in intestine was discussed.

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1) In the agglutination reaction of Brucellosis, the use of formalized antigen or the use of heated serum produces the appearance of zone phenomenon. with the serum demonstrating interzone, both the enlargement of interzone and the appearance of prozone are seen by the use of the formalized antigen, and only the enlargement of interzone follows the use of heated serum. The use of 0.5% phenolized antigen can inhibit the appearance of zone phenomenon in the concentration of Brown No.8 to No.4 and, moreover, end titers are less influenced.
2) As an antigen for the complement fixation reaction, the one prepared from Br. abortus 99 by the extraction with 2% phenol for 30 days was found to have the best antigenicity. As for the method of reaction, the sensitization at 4° was found to be better than that at 37°.
3) In Coombs' test, woshing of the sediment more than 3 times was indispensable, and the antibody was stable against the inactivation and the storage of serum.
4) In the gel diffusion precipitation reaction, the optimal distance between antigen and antibody for the production of clear reaction was 4 mm and the antigen prepared from Br. melitensis 16 M by the extraction with 2% phenol was found to show better antigenicity than that prepared from Br. abortus.
5) Brucellosis cattle employed for bacterial detection reacted strongly in the agglutination reaction, complement fixation reaction as well as in Coombs' test or gel diffusion precipitation reaction and the rate of bacterial detection was also high, being 74.4%. Reactions of Jersey cattle demonstrated a similar tendency with a rate of bacterial detection, 69.2%. On the other hand the sera obtained from farmers' cattle with sporadically positive agglutination reaction were mostly negative in other serological reactions with a rate of bacterial detection as low as 7.
As for the human sera, those obtained from the individuals who had engaged in the research works of brucellosis showed the characteristics of the former two cases, while those obtained from the individuals only with sporadically positive agglutinationreaction were similar to the findings of the cattle kept by farmers.
6) In the case of cattle brucellosis, the causative organisms were found to be disseminated throughout the entire body for a period of 2 months after positive conversion of the agglutination reaction and the titers of other serological reactions were also elevated. By the end of 3 months, however, the distribution of bacilli was localized, but their serological reactions still remained quite strong. Throughout the entire period of observation, the rate of bacterial detection was highest in the milk and the organs related with the udder. Detection of the bacilli from the fetus, however, was positive only for 2 months after positive conversion of the agglutination reaction.
7) Throughout the agglutination tests made on both human and cattle, the appearance of zone phenomenon was found to be closely related with the period after positive conversion of the agglutination reaction and the frequency of its appearance became especially high after 6 months with human sera and after 9 months with bovine sera.

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Blood 0-antibody values against intestinal flora were investigated with healthy persons in Utsunomiya City of Tochigi Prefecture, in villages in it's vicinity and in various collective bodies there.
The types investigated (in total 20 types) were as follows: Pathogenic E. coli (0-26, 0-55, 0-75, 0-86, 0-111, 0-112, 0-119, 0-124, 0-125, 0-126, 0-127, 0-128), S. typhi, S paratyphi A, S paratyphi B, Sh. flexneri lb, 2b, 3a, 4a, Sh. sonnei.
In each of the types, persons showing over 40 in blood 0-antibody value were recognized in about 5% or more.
In E. coli 0-26, 0-86, 0-111, 0-124, 0-125, those demonstrating over 40 in 0-antibody value were 10%. In 0-125 most frequently encountered in Tochigi Prefecture, 19.2% of the persons demonstrated over 40 in the antibody value.
The distribution of the antibodies against various types of pathogenic E. coli was different between various collective bodies as well as between the city and various villages of it's vicinity, conforming to the epidemic type in each of them.
Against S. typhi, 14.0% of the persons showed over 40 in it's 0-antibody value, against S. paratyphi A 4.6% and against S paratyphi B 9.4%, no differences between the city and the villages being observed.
Against Sh. flexneri lb and 2b 13.7% of the persons demonstrated ober 40 in O -antibody value, against 3a 14.9%, against 4a 7.1% and against Sh. soonei 7.7% respectively, antibodies against epidemic types showing a relatively high value. A difference was hardly observed between the city and the villages. Against lb, the value in the34_0064 villages was remarkably high, suggesting an epidemy of it here.

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It was reported in the previous paper, that the rabbits immunized with Sh. dysenteriae 1 excreted in their stools a special active substance.
This substance tentatively named a special biologically active substance (SBAS) was demonstrated in stools not only of experimental animals but also of dysentery patients.
A method for demonstration of this substance in stools of Sh. flexneri 2a patients and a determination technic based on the variation of turbidity of the Sh. flex. 2a suspension were reported in this paper.
1) The suspension of Sh. flex. 2a treated with alcohol changed it's turbidity, when added with a minimum amount of the stool of Sh. flex. 2a patient.
2) The change of the turbidity most remarkably occurred at 43°.
3) At 43° the turbidity of the suspension continued to decrease for 15 hours, it's degree corresponding to the concentration of the stool.
4) The determination method of minimum amounts was devised from these properties of the substance mentioned above.

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1) According to Okabayashi's intraparanasal sinuses infection method, acute diffuse glomerulonephritis was uccessfully produced in rabbits infected with strains of group A hemolytic streptococci.These strains were isolated from the throat of the nephritis patients, clinically confirmed cases of epidemic nephritis in 1955 and 1956.
2) ince the number of positive cases were not sufficient, any evaluations on the difference of nephritogenic capacities between the two types of streptococci used did.not seem to be justified. Positive cases were obtained by use of type 12 and type 6. However, the most typical cases of glomerulonephritis were those infected with type: 12. Nephritis as not found in the group infected with type 12 or type 6 of standard. stock strains and those obtained from non-omplicated scarlet fever patients.
3) In order to secure constant experimental results, some chronic secondary (metastatic) lesions seemed to be necessary besides the primary paranasal focus.
4) Hematuria could be lassified, according to the time of occurence, into the early and the late stage hen aturia.

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