Water and electrolyte balance was studied in adult patients suffering from dysentery with high fever above 38°C and frequent diarrhea of more than 20 times a day who were not given any fluid therapy except antibiotics.
Results were as follows:
In patients with dysentery of moderate degree, hyperosmotic dehydration in extracellular fluid was noted at the early stage of illness.
Water-loss amounted to about 5000m1 up to the 3rd. day of the illness. This waterloss seemed to result from the decreased oral intake of water.
Serum sodium level stayed within normal limits at the early stage but tended to become hyponatremic towards the convalescence. On the other hand, urinary output of sodium amounted to 20-30mEq/day at the early stage of the illness.
Though defficiency of sodium will make 200-300mEq up to the 3rd. day of the illness serum sodium value stays normal because of dehydration.
Defficiency of sodium was considered to result from the decreased oral intake especially in patients with no oral intake at all or on low sodium diet.
Serum pottasium level, on the contrary, stayed within normal limits throughout all stages of the illness. Urinary output of pottasium, however, was markedly decreased up, to 10-20mEq/day.
Pottasium defficiency was estimated at 300mEq in total.
This defficiency was also thought to result from the decreased oral intake.
Based on the findings above, it would be advisable to give 1500-2000m1 water, 100-200mEq sodium and 50-80mEq pottasium as the maintenance volume plus about 1/3 of calculated total water loss if patients have no oral intake.

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Classification of type by means of precipitation after Lancefteld and antibiotic sensitivity test were carried out with 62 strains of streptococcus hemolyticus isolated from scarlet fever patients of the department of infectious diseases and with 42 strains of streptococcus hemolyticus isolated from outpatients of the department of internal medicine.
The percentage of A group decreased to 85.5% in 62 strains from scarlet fever patients, as compared with the percentage in other years, Type IV predominating in.this group. Remarkably, 4 strains of F group never isolated as yet were found.
No TC resistant strain of A group was isolated, whereas a TC resistant strain of each L and G group was found.

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Two epidemics of myelitis of unknown origin broke out at Ukiha and Yame, Fukuoka. Prefecture, in 1964. The myelitic manifestations ensued from a prodrome of abdominal signs and the clinical diagnosis of the so-called “infectious column myelitis-Maekawa” was established.
Virological and serological studies on 13 patients yielded isolation of three strains of ECHO type 21 from patients' feces, blood and spinal fluid. The titers of neutralizing antibody and complement fixing antibody in 16 sera of the patients were found mostly increased over those in 18 controls.
In view of these findings suggesting an etiologic role of the s me agent in two separate: epidemics, we believe that ECHO type 21 virus has been the actual causative agent for this type of myelitis. However, it is not clear whether the primary, or the secondary infection by this agent gave rise to clinical manifestations.

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