By peroral inoculation of JBE virus to the hamster, the infection could be established and the severity of infection seemed to depend upon the hamster's weight, lighter ones were more easy to be infected. The virus multiplied in the epithelium of intestine and then partly entered into the lymph stream, the mesenterial lymph nodules and thoracic duct and finally into blood circulation, and partly into portal vein, liver, hepatic vein and finally into general blood circulation. Thus, it gave rise to viremia. Virus given perorally got to the central nerves, and mostly through the choroid artery reached plexus chorioidea, as recognized by cellular infiltration in the plexus chorioides. JBE virus given perorally were excreted out in stool for 1 to 3 days. Following theadministration of JBE virus, the CF titer was not so raised as in cases of intravenous administration.

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The present paper is based on a review of 11 cases with clinical signs attributable to septicemia in which one or more blood cultures revealed gram-negative bacilli. The age range of the patients was from 3 to 67 years and five of 11 cases were over 50 years. Five were males and six were females. Eight cases died, in 7 of which postmortem examinations were performed
The causative organisms were 4 Escherichia coli, 2 Pseudomonas seruginosa, 1 Klebsiella, 1 Bacterium anitratum, 1 Rettgerella, 1 Gloaca cloacae, and 1 Alkaligenes faecalis. In almost all cases the septicemia developed during the course o underlying diseases, such as malignant diseases, lesions of central nervous system, hematologic disease, biliary and hepatic disease or postoperative conditions. In 4 of 11 cases, large doses of adrenal steroids had been administered for significant intervals prior tothe onset of septicemia, of these one was given an antineoplastic agent (Chlomomycine) added to the steroid regimen.
In 4 the genitourinary, and in 5 the gastrointestinal system, incluing biliary tract, served as the portal entry for the organisms. In 2 a portal of entry was not evident. Hyperpyrexia with or without rigor and leucocytosis with neutrophylia were selected clinical signs of septicemia occurring during the course of underlying diseases. The treatment with antibiotics based on the sensitivity test was effective in about a half of cases, though the patients died finaly because of the underlying diseases.

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Small dose (250mg) of aminobentyl penicillin was administered to 19 cases of bacte riologicaily-proven or clinically-confirmed bacillary dysentery for five days.
Results were as follows:
1) Number of bowel movements in thus-treated patients returned to, normal earlierthan in control patients.
2) Consistence of stool in treated patients became normal in an earlier date.
3) Date of eradication of bacteria from stool was shorter in treated patients.
4) Bacteria reappeared in stool in 26.8% of the treated patients after discontinuation of the antibiotic.
5) Bacilli recovered from stool were sensitive to 1.56-3.12 gamma of penicillin percc and none was proved to be resistant to this antibiotic.
6) Dysenteric bacilli shown to be cross-resistant were sensitive to this antibiotic.
7) Administration of this drug in the dose of 5mg per kilogram and 10 mg per kilo. proved to reach effective blood level. From above-mentioned findings, aminobentyl penicillin was thought to be very effective against bacllary dysentery.

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