The antibacterial activity of nitrofuran-derivatives has attracted the attention of many workers. As the nitrofuran-derivatives newly synthesized nitrofuran-derivatives combining with 1.2.4. triazine nucleus, Panfuran-acetate and Panfuran-100, 2 were used. This paper is a report of fundamental studies on Panfuran-derivatives and the sensitivity test against dysentery bacilli and Staphylococci isolated from the clinical cases in Toritsu-Komagome Hospital.
The LD₅₀ of the derivatives to mice is 4, 495 mg/kg by oral administration in the case of Panfuran-acetate and 2, 690 mg/ kg by intraperitoneal administration. The results show that the derivatives have only a slight toxicity. The amount of absorption in blood and the amount of excretion is ur;ne after the administration of the derivatives were detetermined by biological techqnique with the spore of B. subtilis. In the case of oral administration of Panturan-100.2 at the concentration of 100 mg/kg to rabbit, less than I mcg/kg of it was demonstrated in blood 1-1.5 hours after the administration. In urine less than 10 mcg/ml of Panfuran-acetate was demonstrated 1 hour after the administration, but in the case of Panfuran-100.2 more than 10 mcg/ml of it was demonstrated in urine 3 hours after the administration.
The bacteriostatic action in vitro against dysentery bacilli isolated from patients was about 0.19 mcg/ml and not a change of action was observed against shigella flexneri and sonnei group or all types of flexneri, group. They were also active to various kinds of antibiotib-resistant dysentery bacilli isolated from patients as well as to antibiotic sensitive strain. Moreover it inhibited the growth of Staphylococci isolated from the infected cases at the cencentration of 0.39 mcg/ml, and E. coli isolated from patients were comparatively sensitive to the derivatives.
From the results obtained it might be concluded that the new furan-deriratives have powerful antibacterial action against antibiotics-sensitive and rsistant dysentery bacilli, Staphylococci and E. coli isolated from ratients and no cross-resistance might exist between the new furanderivative and antibiotics.

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A simple method for concentration of enteroviruses is described. The virus suspensions were dialysed in Visking tubing against 20% polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) solution in the refrigerater. Virus infectivity titers were increased from 22.6 to 553 fold following dialysis of tissue culture fluids against PVP. The method is particularly adaptable to isolation of virus from large volumes of fluid in which virus is not detectable when not concentrated.

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Triacetyloleandomycin (TAO) has proved to be highly effective in treatment of 42 cases of dysentery (15 cases due to antibiotic-sensitive strains and 27 cases due to antibiotic-resistant strains) and 5 cases of carrier.
TAO was given to adults 400 mg at the first time and then 200 mg at intervals of 6 hours for 4 days, 3, 400 mg in total. This is one course of the therapy, reducing the dosis for children according to the age.
Antibiotic-resistant cases consisted of one SM.CM-resistant, 2 SM.TC-resistant and 24 SM. CM. TC-resistant cases, whereas strains isolated from the carriers were all SM. CM. TC-resistant.
As for the effects of therapy in antibiotic-sensitive cases, removal of fever, normalization of stool frequency and normalization of stool chracter were obtained on an average in 1.8, 2.0 and 4.0 days, respectively, and one course of the therapy brought about eradication of dysentery bacilli from stools, no continued or re-discharge of the bacilli was then observed.
In antibiotic-resistant cases, removal of fever, normalization of the number of stool passages and improvement of stool character were attained on an average in 1.6, 2.6 and 3.2 days, respectively. After one course of the therapy, continued discharge of bacilli was observed in 6 cases (22.2%) and re-discharge in 4 cases (14.4%).
In carriers, the discharge of bacilli was stopped during the course of therapy, and no continued discharge was then observed.
It has been not clarified yet how TAO can be so effective in clinical use in spite of a low sensitivity such as 12.5γ/cc100γ/cc in vitro, a problem that requires a further investigation. The fact that dysentery bacilli become more sensitive against antibiotics such as SM, CM, TC with the increase of alkalinity of the culture medium can not explain the clinical effectiveness of TAO, because stools of dysentery patients are usualy rather acid than alkaline.

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